澳洲房屋检查DIY -上图啦

在澳大利亚房产房屋



周四要做Final Inspection。收集整理了一些资料，放在这里供大家分享。也请高手提出意见，加以完善。

1. Inspection Checklist - 适用于买房前的房屋检查

     这份Checklist是英文的，主要特点是

      # 注重指导进行结构方面的检查
      # 对现象和可能的原因有分析
      # 对房屋缺陷可能带来后果有提示

     稍加整理，删掉了一些废话，对重点词加了下划线，不懂的词加了中文。（但只是粗略弄了一下，凑活着看看）

2. Final Inspection Checklist - 适用于settle前的房屋检查

     这一阶段结构已经考察过了，主要是对设备和外观的复查，看看vendor有没有在搬家过程中有破坏等等
     这份list是中文的，主要特点是

      # 只是清单，没有检查办法，最好对照list 1 看
      # 按照检查的地点分类，是实际拿到现场用的list

3. 检查房屋工具的用途

     2中提到的工具，如何在检查中使用？哪些是自己需要的？

4. 房屋结构名词解释

[ 本帖最后由 芝麻绿豆 于 2007-10-30 20:57 编辑 ]

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房屋检查全攻略

一、        准备物品：
详见第二片文章

二、        外部

THE GARDEN
        fences and gates
Examine the base of gate posts and fence posts, the bottom “plinth board” and at the junction of rails and posts for rot. These are the areas of greatest deterioration.
        Look for large trees too close to the house. These could cause structural subsidence, particularly in brick or brick veneer homes with timber floors.
        Make sure the water run-off from the garden doesn’t flow, or pond, underneath the house, causing excessive damp conditions.
        It is also worthwhile noting the location of poisonous trees and shrubs (such as Rhus or Oleanders) which could harm children and pets.

OUT-BUILDINGS: garages and sheds
        Check the structural condition and water-tightness of rooms and walls of.
        Look for water stains水渍 on timbers and metal sheeting.
        Look for fire hazards, loose or broken power points and badly wired electrical fittings.

OUTSIDE WALLS
        ensure walls are straight.
In timber houses, sagging weatherboards could mean timber stumps have rotted, or concrete stumps or brick piers have subsided.
        Cracking  
Minor cracking in brickwork of older houses can generally be ignored, but large cracks or bowed brick walls could mean the footings have subsided meaning an expensive under-pinning job may be required.
        Check for rotten weatherboards, windows, doors and verandah posts.
        mortar between the bricks.
If it has been eroded away it should be cleaned out and re-capped by a bricklayer. Different coloured mortar indicates a repaired brick wall, which could either be a responsible repair or a patch-up. Look to see if this mortar is cracking again.
        Where houses are brick clad to the ground, make sure
there are plenty of sub-floor ventilators beneath floors. In adequate ventilation and dampness are the major causes of many sub-floor problems.
        Look for buckled变形的, badly fitted or waterstained eaves,
may be an indication of roof or gutter problems.

ON THE ROOF
        Lean your ladder against the guttering and look for a wavy roof line. This may indicate a structural problem (see “roofspace”).
        Look for broken roof tiles and loose ridge and valley tiles allowing bird and possum entry as well as water leaks.
        Check that corrugated起皱的 iron sheets are in good condition and well nailed down.
        Ensure that valley and eaves guttering are free from holes and rust. Even small holes can create large leaks. Extensive replacement is often necessary.
        Make sure that flues烟道 and chimneys are structurally safe and the flashings around them are secure against water penetration.

IN THE ROOFSPACE
        Look for sagging roof framing, cracked or broken tiles, rusty iron roofing and leaking ridges or valleys. A defective roof can be a very costly repair item.
        Check for shoddy粗劣的 or damaged electrical wiring. Do not touch!
        A pungent刺鼻的 odour or rat-like droppings排泄物 could indicate the presence of vermin. Possums can damage ceilings and should be removed. (It is illegal to poison them.)
        Note whether or not the ceiling has been insulated.

CONCRETE FLOORS
        Although the underside of concrete floors cannot be inspected check if there is any exposed perimeter周围 to ensure that the plastic waterproofing membrane is not exposed, but protected by fibre cement or a similar covering.

UNDER TIMBER FLOORS
        Look under the floor for props or bricks holding up the floor instead of stumps, piers or dwarf walls.
        Check for subsiding stumps or brick piers, or whether excessive wedging楔子 has occurred between these structural supports and the floor bearers. If these structural supports need to be replaced, the cost could be quite high.
        timber stumps,
look for stumps with the heaviest water stain and dig away up to 100mm of the soil below ground level. Check for rot by scraping剥下碎屑 the stump and seeing how much breaks away. This can indicate the approximate life expectancy of the stumps.
        Inspect timber framing and floors generally for rot, mould and evidence of borers. Borer attack in some species of pine may be due to Anobiid borers. These will eventually destroy the timber and should be treated immediately.
        Check to see that the earth is not excessively wet. Dampness problems accompanied by inadequate ventilation encourage rot, borer and termite attack.
        Look carefully for termite “shelter tubes”. Termites build mud shelter tubes, between 5mm and 50mm up stumps or piers and brick walls to connect their nests in the ground to the timber on which they are feeding.
        If you are in any way unsure about borers or termites, the house should be checked by an expert.

三、        内部

Timber Floors
        At regular intervals平面, jump lightly on the floor to detect any rotten floorboards, borer infestation or looseness in the floor framing. While this test may be a guide, it by no means guarantees that any timber stumps or floorboards are in good condition.
        Check to see if the floors are level, or there are gaps between floor and skirting.
If stumps or piers are sinking, floors will always fall away from fireplaces or brick walls.
This is an invaluable check in houses which have been recently renovated, but not structurally upgraded.
Concrete Floors
        Look for signs of dampness, such as lifting or buckling floor tiles and rotten carpet. Dampness in concrete slabs can be hard to trace and expensive to remedy.
        Ducted heating systems under concrete floors can be susceptible to water leaks. Lift the floor vents and check for evidence of water or rusted ductwork. Water penetration can render致使 the heating system entirely useless.
        If cracks in the concrete are millimetres wide, they could indicate a significant structural problem.

Walls
        Check that walls are straight and true. Deviations could be either warped framing timbers, or the onset of structural problems - re-check footings or stumps.
        Look for cracks and general movement and be particularly wary of freshly painted or wallpapered areas. In these cases, look for evidence of recently filled cracks, a sign of sub-floor structural problems.
        Carefully inspect brick walls for signs of dampness. This may be evident through the presence of white or brownish deposits沉淀. Rising dampness may also cause skirting and architraves to rot, and paint and wallpaper to lift. Rising dampness or salt damp can be particularly expensive problems to cure.
        Tap轻敲 solid brick walls for a hollow sound or a change in tone. Both could indicate a plastered or render edover patch-up of a significant rising damp problem.
        Look for cracks beside chimneys and look for doorways and windows that aren’t square（不成直角）, or are jamming（不易开关）. These usually indicate structural subsistence.
        Lightly tap walls and tiled surfaces with the handle of your screwdriver. A hollow sound could mean loose plaster or tiles.

Ceilings
        Check that ceilings are straight and true, and look for cracks or signs of movement at the cornices. These could indicate roof or wall-framing deficiencies, possibly illegal wall-removing.
        Look for water stains and mould growth which could indicate excessive condensation or roof leaks.

Windows and Ventilators
        Make sure that the windows can be opened and check for broken window panes. The sash cords in older double hung windows may be broken or need replacing.
        Check for excessive condensation水凝结 and mould growth on windows and walls. Locate the source of musty发霉的 smells. The causes could be: inadequate ventilation, sub-floor dampness, roof leaks, lack of insulation or often a combination of these.

Electrical Systems
        Check that the light switches and power points work.
        Test all power points with the tester. This will indicate outlets that are incorrectly wired. The most common problem is power points which are not earthed.
        Look for signs of burns around switches, fittings and fuses.
        Wiring in many older homes is quite sound, provided that it is left intact无损伤. If additional power points or lights are required, the entire electrical system may need replacing.
        If you are at all in doubt about the condition of the electrical system, you should have it checked by an expert.

Plumbing System
        Check all plumbing fittings for cracks or leaks.
        Test the water pressure in hot and cold taps. It is worthwhile turning on several taps simultaneously to ascertain if there is any appreciable pressure drop.
        Partially fill the bath or laundry tubs and observe whether or not the water drains away properly. A sluggish flow or gurgling汩汩声 in the pipes could indicate that the sewer drains are damaged or blocked.
        Look for damp ground in the vicinity of the drains, which could be caused by cracks or leaks in pipes,
        needing replacement.
        Check for dampness and soft soil where downpipes meet the ground. Downpipes may not have been
        plumbed to stormwater but they need to be, to avoid structural and dampness problems.

GENERAL
        Examine the house for appropriate room layout, orientation to the sun, views, relation to neighbours, traffic noise, and if not optimal, whether the house can be improved at an affordable cost

[ 本帖最后由 芝麻绿豆 于 2007-10-30 00:02 编辑 ]

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Checklist


问房主要以下说明书或文件
        alams,
        spa,
        oven
        Dish Washer
        空调
        电路布线图

准备工具：
        电话机
        测电表
        梯子
        电筒
        电视天线插头
        尺子
        塑料盆
        计算器
        网线水晶头（备用）
        万用表（备用）
        5号电池X 2，9号电池备用
        A4纸若干，笔
        镜子
        相机
        起子

外部结构：
        大门，锁
        车库门，锁
        北车库门，锁
        南院门，锁
        杂物棚，门，锁
        水龙头
        水池
        喷洒
        墙面
        Dp: 检查所有dp周围土壤是否潮湿

外部设备：
        配电箱，配电箱有漏电开关
        Gas热水热气机
        空调
        Spa泵
        垃圾桶2个
        贮草桶1个
        晾衣架
        水池
        门铃

屋顶：
        检查gutter的wave line
        检查有无新近损坏的瓦片，flashing
        fascia
        Fasicia上的灯
        电视天线

地基：
        通风孔无堵塞
        水泥stump
        无漏水迹象
        有 无强弱电线混排，断裂
        热水管系统
        冷水管系统
        排水系统
        暖气管道
        地基灯具

内部设备：
        Alam
        空调总开关

门厅：
        大门，锁
        墙面
        天花
        地板
        插座
        灯
        地暖
        中央空调

客厅：
        墙面
        天花
        地板
        插座：稳固，接地良好
        灯：开关
        窗户
        露台门
        百叶
        窗帘
        插座
        空调
        地暖
        电视插座
        音箱线
        电话

厨房：
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        橱柜，抽屉门，板
        水龙头，水压
        净水器
        排水
        窗帘
        百叶窗
        窗户
        换气扇
        排烟管道无堵塞
        灶
        烤箱
        插座
        灯
        风扇
        空调
        地暖
        音响线
        电话

用餐区
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        餐台
        窗户
        门
        百叶
        窗帘
        插座
        灯
        空调
        地暖

餐厅
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        窗户
        百叶
        窗帘
        插座
        灯
        空调
        地暖

主卧
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        窗户
        门
        百叶
        窗帘
        插座
        电视插座
        风扇
        空调
        地暖
        床头灯
        衣橱左
        衣橱右
        遮阳棚

Ensuit
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        窗户
        门
        百叶
        灯
        插座
        马桶排水，冲水
        洗脸池排水，龙头
        淋浴排水，龙头
        换气
        柜子
        镜子
        空调
        地暖

书房
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        窗户
        门
        百叶
        窗帘
        灯
        插座
        空调
        地暖
        电话
        风扇
        书柜
        遮阳棚

大卧房
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        窗户
        门
        百叶
        窗帘
        灯
        插座
        空调
        地暖
        风扇
        衣柜

小卧房
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        窗户
        门
        百叶
        窗帘
        灯
        插座
        空调
        地暖
        风扇
        衣柜

卫生间
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        窗户
        门
        百叶
        灯
        镜子
        插座
        洗脸池排水，龙头
        淋浴排水，龙头
        柜子
        扶手
        空调、换气
        地暖
        Spa

厕所
        地面
        墙面
        天花
        马桶，冲水
        门
        窗
        窗帘

露台及门廊：
        地面
        烧烤蓬
        水龙头
        凉棚收放
        围栏
        客厅遮阳棚
        餐厅遮阳棚
        灯

rampus
        地毯（不指望了）
        墙面
        灯
        吧台
        出口门，锁
        上楼门，锁
        贮藏室门，锁
        地基门，锁
        电视插座
        电源插座
        百叶窗
        窗户
        电话接口

储藏室
        灯
        电视插座
        电源插座
        百叶窗
        窗户

工作室
        门、锁
        灯
        插座
        墙面
        地面、天花（！）
        窗

[ 本帖最后由 芝麻绿豆 于 2007-10-30 00:01 编辑 ]

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检查房屋工具的用途

        电话机 - 测电话线有没有通，即便断掉的也有soft tone
        测电表 - 很重要，长得想个插头，上面有3个灯。插到插座上就能知道电压正常不，正确接地不（这个很重要，万用表好像测不出来）。不贵，很多小店里都有卖。
        梯子 - 不用说了吧
        电筒 - 也不用说了吧
        电视天线插头 - 理想的是有个小电视来测，不行单拿插头试试松紧也行。（不过这属于小问题）
        尺子 - 卷尺
        塑料盆 - 当浴缸，菜盆没有橡皮塞时，结满一盆水，倒进去，测试下水速度。
        计算器 - 计算
        网线水晶头（备用）
        万用表（备用）
        5号电池X 2，9号电池备用 - 用于测试门铃，警报器和烟雾报警器
        A4纸若干，笔 - 除了记录外，可以用纸条夹在门缝中，看能否抽出来，测试密封程度
        镜子 - 用于查看某些看不到的角度，不如门的顶部
        相机 - 不用说了
        起子 - 不用说了

有些工具主要用于final Inspection，有些甚至可以用于检查自己请人做的装修，有些都适用

[ 本帖最后由 芝麻绿豆 于 2007-10-30 19:45 编辑 ]

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文章1中提到一些专业名词，这里做一下解释。
用电脑画麻烦了，刚脆手划，tz们凑活着看看。

1. 地基篇

[ 本帖最后由 芝麻绿豆 于 2007-10-30 20:53 编辑 ]

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亢5

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啊啊，下划线没了。

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搬个板凳看长篇

评论
不错不错，lz辛苦了

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自己的切身体会，你的这个Final Inspection Checklist感觉应该是在买房之前做一次，并留下一些证物，如照片和中介的签字，
然后在搬家之前再做一次才有效。

否则谁也说不清那些损坏是在什么时候发生的，如果没有证物，对卖方有利。

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寫的很好,收起來 ~

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lz辛苦啦，收藏，谢谢。等着填坑。

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我也在买房,发现问题咋办啊?

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what problem did you find?

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Ture. that's a good idea.

But on the contract, normally there is a term saying 'the vendor should keep all fixtures and equipment in working condition' something. this may help too.

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厉害！

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能把你买房的律师告诉我吗,我需要个华人律师最好.

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啊，还要带测电表，晕了

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it's cheap  and available in most hardware shop.

the point is it's easy to use.

I will do some explaination on how to use the tools tonight when I could write in Chinese.

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My experience with my Chinese lolicitor is not good enough to recommond

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如果查出问题了咋办啊，不买了么？

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哇，这么详细，感谢分享！++

不过，Final Inspection如果都这么检查，原屋主非不可。。。。。

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是的，而且中介不太可能给你很长时间来检查这些．

LZ应该是从比较内行角度来列的单子．HOHO　我们外行顶多看看是否水电煤都已接通，空调DUCTED HEATING等是否WORKING就完了．

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how long did you take to do this full inspection?

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目的是什么？

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谢谢，已经将目的加进去了。

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看贴不仔细是不？打PP

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目的就是如果有重大问题可以不settle,叫律师出面让他们fix了才settle呀.不过我觉得无聊的人没那么多,一般不会因为要卖了故意搞破坏,大东西正常working就行了.

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汗，看来应该列两份单子，一份是重点必察，一份是其他....

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注意是两种房屋检查，买房前的注重对结构的检查和settle前的检查

选择一：砍价（买房前）或要求vendor赔偿（settle前）

选择二：放弃不买（买房前查出问题）

选择三：自认倒霉，但在出价时应该把将来维修的花销考虑在内。
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