除“孔夫子(Confucious)”、“中国功夫(kungfu)”、“麻将(mahjong)”或者“豆腐(tofu)”之类绝无仅有的称谓,再挑拣10个真正有中国气质、代表华夏气派、并影响全球当代生活的“鸡蛋词”,便足以说明问题。
英语,代表西方的强势文化。作为世界性的大语种,它成了现代与文明的标志。有人跟风叫嚷:只要具备两条就是“现代文盲”,一,不懂英语;二,不会电脑。其实,文化所涉及的领域形形色色,是否可以这样说,不会写毛笔字、不会算卦,就等于“国学文盲”?
凭人怎么说吧,现代中国为了追求“和世界接轨”,几乎把英、法、俄、德、日、意、西班牙和阿拉伯语,当成了通向世界、通向文明的惟一桥梁。母语——中国话可以弄得一塌糊涂,甚至不如日本人写得漂亮,讲得流利;英语,却必须要捱过大学六级、托福考试。这据典型的崇洋媚外做法,似乎该回头了。随着中国国力的增强,汉语也逐渐变成了外国人的香饽饽儿。仔细一看才发现,许多英语词汇其实就源于汉语,欧洲人做过精细的统计,自1994年以来加入国际英语行列的词汇中,中式英语贡献了5%到20%,超过任何其他来源。
英语属于印欧语系(Indo- Europeanlanguages),包含着印度、西亚和欧洲的语言。目前使用的英语单词中,有不少是从非印欧语系“拿来”的,这在狭义上,就是英语中的外来语。这些白皮黄心的“鸡蛋词”,无须向“英语世界”做额外解释,就能顺利地理解、沟通。脱胎于汉语的“鸡蛋词”,早就默默地影响全世界了。除“孔夫子(Confucious)”、“中国功夫(kungfu)”、“麻将(mahjong)”或者“豆腐(tofu)”之类绝无仅有的称谓,再挑拣10个真正有中国气质、代表华夏气派、并影响全球当代生活的“鸡蛋词”,便足以说明问题。
(一)丝绸——silk
中国是养蚕大国,丝绸的故乡。瓷器和丝绸始终是古代中国对外贸易的绝密技术和看家商品,直到鸦片战争前,英国进口到广州的钢琴,还干不过珠光宝气的丝绸。 “silk”的发音,显然是汉语的音译,这个词代表了中国高超的工艺技术和贸易强势。即便现在,丝绸仍在现代生活中充当雍容华丽、典雅高贵的象征。
(二)茶——tea
这个词,又是英国人从拗口的闽南话里偷走的。茶,和丝绸、瓷器比肩,堪称古代中国对外贸易的拳头产品。目前,品茶代表了一种生活方式和文化品位,中国人对人生的思考,几乎都能在袅袅茶烟里找到。据萧乾的《茶在英国》介绍:“茶叶似乎是17世纪初由葡萄牙人最早引到欧洲的……英国的茶叶起初是东印度公司从厦门引进的,17世纪40年代,英人在印度殖民地开始试种茶叶,那时,可能就养成了在茶中加糖的习惯。”据说,即使在“二战”那样物资困乏的时期,法国人定量配给咖啡,英国人则要的是茶,还有一点点糖。茶成了欧洲人的“主心骨”,他们只能跟着茶香如醉如痴地行走,这不是本土的历史与遗传;而是异域文化的征服和同化。18世纪的柴斯特顿勋爵干脆在《训子家书》里写道:“尽管茶来自东方,它毕竟是绅士气味的;而可可则是个痞子、懦夫,一头粗野的猛兽。”
(三)世外桃源——Shangrila (Xanadu)
这是两个近意词。都有“世外桃源”的意思。“Shangrila”出自西藏的传说之地——香格里拉,“Xanadu”则是蒙古的元上都。如果要表达 “世外桃源”,通常采用“Xanadu”这个词。看来,以出世自居的美国作家梭罗,白白地在瓦尔登湖旁边,做了那么久的“隐士”。讲究“寄情山水、超然物外”的哲学,中国人是当之无愧的开山鼻祖。
(四)风水——FengShui
风水,还是音译。它凝聚了古代中国在活人住宅和死人墓地方面的集体智慧。尽管有人打着所谓“科学”的旗号,指斥风水是封建迷信;但是,迷信所谓“科学”,故步自封,则是另外一种迷信。风水的整体原则是“趋利避害”,这也是安全生存最起码的信条。近年来,风水在美国红极一时,从中国人唇齿之间发出的音节,已经成为当代人急需探究的学问。
(五)茶点——dimsum
一听发音,就知道,这个略带小资情调的词儿,来自闽粤。英国人有喝下午茶的习惯,几杯印度红茶,常就一碟甜点。英语原本有表示蛋糕、点心的词,偏偏不用,硬要拽一个来自汉语的生僻字。恐怕多少也有与时尚接轨、和东方同步的优越感吧。中国是茶的故乡,茶点也摇身一变,成为登堂入室的英语外来词。
(六)走狗——runningdogs
中国式英语贴切地表达了一种见利忘义、供人驱使的“下三烂”。无从考证,最先运用这个词的是中国人,还是英国人;重要的是,英语世界接纳了“走狗”,并以汉语的思维抚育这个“外来词”。接纳词汇的同时,无形中也接受了中国人的价值观。
(七)纸老虎——papertiger
这是最令人难忘和扬眉吐气的一个新词。缔造者应该是伟大的民族英雄——毛泽东!他老人家是博学的诗人、雄才大略的政治家、运筹帷幄的军事天才。美国人硬不硬?苏联人牛不牛?*********厉害不厉害?……在他眼里,都是色厉内荏的“纸老虎”。只要跟中国人作对,老子就得碰碰硬,看天下“谁主沉浮”。上世纪50年代的“美帝国主义”、六七十年代的“苏修”,都变成了毛泽东嘲笑的“纸老虎”。这种蔑视强敌、自强不息的精神,当然是中国人对世界文明的贡献。谈笑风声缔造了一个词,足令中国的敌手躲在角落里发抖了。
(八)大款、巨亨——tycoon
这种称呼是近些年才流行街巷的,指有钱有势的商人或者企业家,中国传统的叫法是“大掌柜”。被英语拿走,又是闽粤之地的音译。可见,鸦片战争前,中国商人名声在外,马可波罗在书里描写的东方,物阜民丰,黄金铺地。来中国走一遭,就像现在某些“假洋鬼子”上趟拉斯维加斯一样。
(九)赌场——Casino
这个词,似乎是地道的西方舶来品,发音酷品ㄓ锘蛘咭獯罄摹J獠恢癈asino”竟是福建话的音译,可是,为什么英语要拿它表示“赌场”的意思呢?据传,很久以前,移民到美国的福建民工,拿到一点微薄的工资,便在无聊之际,聚众赌博,试试运气。每次开局,都会嚷嚷:“开始了!开始了!”想不到,阴差阳错地搭给英语一个现代词汇。
(十)小费,赏钱——Cumshaw
这个词是闽南话“感谢”的音译。为了给人一点酬劳,在钞票上意思意思。英语世界也像喜欢“money”一样,渴望“Cumshaw”这个油水丰厚的单词。尽管中国人没有给小费的习惯,但是,对于钱,却并非一毛不拔,甚至比西方人出手还大方。偷走“Cumshaw”这个“鸡蛋字”的欧洲人,一定见过,中国人曾如何挥金似土。其实,东西方对待金钱并没有本质的不同。
copy from http://news.backchina.com/2009/10/3/gb2312_58736.html
评论
Casino?
评论
沙发...长见识了~~:)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casino
Casino应该不是中文词,这个词历史很久了,不是最近一两个世纪才有的
评论
刚看到Wiki上其实有个中文词源的英文词的列表
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lis ... s_of_Chinese_origin
值得一提的是brainwashing是从中文来的,真没想到。但其他词大多冷僻,很少用到。考虑到中国和英语世界的交流在近两个世纪内其实非常有限,我觉得从中文进入英语的词应该不大可能占到5-20%的比例。
B
Brainwashing
洗脑,罢官 Etymology: translation of Chinese (Beijing) Date: 1950 1 : a forcible indoctrination to induce someone to give up basic political, social, or religious beliefs and attitudes and to accept contrasting regimented ideas 2 : persuasion by propaganda or salesmanship
–brainwash transitive verb
–brainwash noun
–brainwasher noun
Brainwashing is translated from Chinese literally, word by word. 脑 means brain, 洗 means wash. The word had then been put together in the English language way--Brainwashing.
Bok choy
(Cantonese) 白菜 (baakchoi), a Chinese cabbage: literally 'white vegetable'
[edit] C
Char
colloquial English word for 'tea', originally from Chinese 茶 (Mandarin chá).
Cheongsam
from Cantonese 長衫 (cheungsaam), lit. long clothes.
China
via Latin from the name of the Ch'in Dynasty 秦
Chop chop
from Cantonese chuk chuk 速速, lit. hurry, urgent
Chopsticks
from Chinese Pidgin English chop chop.
Chop suey
from Cantonese 雜碎 (tzapseui), lit. mixed pieces
Chow
from Chinese Pidgin English chowchow which means food, perhaps based on Cantonese 炒, lit. stir fry (cooking)
Chow chow
any of a breed of heavy-coated blocky dogs of Chinese origin
Chow mein
from Taishanese 炒麵 (chau meing), lit. stir fried noodle, when the first Chinese immigrants, from Taishan came to the United States.
Confucianism
from Confucius, Latinized form of 孔夫子 (kǒng fūzǐ) 'Master Kong'
Cumshaw
from Amoy 感謝, feeling gratitude
[edit] D
Dalai Lama
the lama who is the chief spiritual adviser of the Dalai Lama. 班禅喇嘛-- Dalai Lama Etymology -- Panchen from Chinese (Beijing) b*nch*n Date-- 1794. The word Lama (Tibetan Blama) is used in an English translation of Martini’s Conquest of China in 1654; Dalai-lama in 1698.
Dim sum and Dim sim
from Cantonese 點心 (dimsam), lit. little heart
[edit] F
Fan-tan
from Cantonese 番攤 (fāntān), lit. (take) turns scattering
Feng shui
from feng, wind and shui, water 風水
Foo dog
from Mandarin 佛 fó Buddha (from their use as guardians of Buddhist temples)
[edit] G
Ginkgo
mistransliteration of 銀杏 in Japanese
Ginseng
from Mandarin 人參 (renshen), name of the plant. Some say the word came via Japanese (same kanji), although 人参 now means 'carrot' in Japanese; ginseng is 朝鮮人参 ('Korean carrot').
Go
From the Japanese name igo 囲碁 of the Chinese board game. Chinese 围棋, Mandarin: Weiqi.
Gung-ho
from Mandarin 工合, short for 工業合作社
Gyoza
Japanese ギョーザ, gairaigo from Chinese 餃子 (Mandarin: Jiaozi), stuffed dumpling. Gyoza refers to the style found in Japan.
[edit] H
Hoisin (sauce)
from Cantonese 海鮮 (hoísin), lit. seafood
[edit] K
Kanji
Japanese name for Chinese characters: 漢字, lit. Chinese characters. Chinese: Hàn zì.
Kaolin
from 高嶺, lit. high mountain peak, the name of a village or suburb of Jingde Town, in Jiangxi Province, that was the site of a mine from which kaolin clay (高嶺土 gāo lǐng tǔ) was taken to make the fine porcelain produced in Jingde. See http://kepu.jsinfo.gov.cn/big5/mineral/sight/sgh516.html (accessed on 10 March 2008).
Keemun
kind of tea, 祁門 Mandarin qímén
Ketchup
possibly from Cantonese or Amoy 茄汁, lit. tomato sauce/juice
Koan
Japanese 公案 kōan, from Chinese 公案 (Mandarin gōng'àn), lit. public record
Kowtow
from Cantonese 叩頭 (Mandarin, kòu tóu) , lit. knock head
Kumquat or cumquat
from Cantonese name of the fruit 柑橘 (Gamgwat)
Kung fu
the English term to collectively describe Chinese martial arts; from Cantonese 功夫 (Gongfu), lit. efforts
[edit] L
Lo mein
from Cantonese 撈麵 (lòu-mihn), lit. scooped noodle
Longan
from Cantonese 龍眼, name of the fruit
Loquat
from Cantonese 蘆橘, old name of the fruit
Lychee
from Cantonese 荔枝 (laitzi), name of the fruit
[edit] M
Mao-tai or moutai
from Mandarin 茅台酒 (máotái jiǔ), liquor from Maotai (Guizhou province)
Mahjong
from Cantonese 麻將 (mah-jeung), lit. the mahjong game
Mu shu (pork)
from Mandarin 木須 (mùxū), lit. wood shredded
[edit] N
Nankeen
Chinese, from Chinese, a durable cotton, buff-colored cloth originally made in 南京 (Nán Jīng).
Nunchaku
Okinawan Japanese, from Min (Taiwan/Fujian) 雙節棍, lit. double jointed sticks
[edit] O
Oolong
from Amoy 烏龍, lit. dark dragon
[edit] P
Paigow
from Cantonese 排九, a gambling game
Pekin: from southern Mandarin 北京, a patterned silk cloth
Pinyin
from Mandarin 拼音, lit. put together sounds
Pekoe
from Amoy 白毫, lit. white downy hair
[edit] Q
Qi
from Mandarin 氣 (qì), air
Qipao
from 旗袍 (qípáo), female traditional Chinese clothing (male version: cheongsam)
[edit] R
Ramen
Japanese ラーメン, gairaigo, from Chinese 拉麵 (Lamian) lit. pulled noodle. Ramen refers to a particular style flavored to Japanese taste and is somewhat different from Chinese lamian.
[edit] S
Sampan
from Cantonese 舢舨, the name of such vessel.
shanghai
from Chinese city Shanghai, to put someone aboard a ship by trickery or intoxication; to put someone in a bad situation or press someone into work by trickery. From an old practice of using this method to acquire sailors for voyages to Shanghai.
shantung
from Mandarin 山東,"shantung" (or sometimes "Shantung") is a wild silk fabric made from the silk of wild silkworms and is usually undyed.
Shaolin
from Mandarin 少林, One of the most important Kungfu clans.
Shar Pei
from Cantonese 沙皮, lit. sand skin.
Shih Tzu
from Mandarin 獅子狗, lit. Chinese lion dog
Shogun
Japanese 将軍, from Chinese 將軍, lit. general (of) military. The full title in Japanese was Seii Taishōgun (征夷大将軍), "generalissimo who overcomes the barbarians"
Sifu
from Cantonese 师傅, (Mandarin shīfu), master.
Silk
possibly from 'si' 絲, lit. silk
Souchong
from Cantonese 小種茶 (siúchúng ch'ā), lit. small kind tea
Soy
From Japanese shoyu 醤油, Chinese 醬油, (Mandarin jiàngyóu).
[edit] T
Tai Chi
from Mandarin 太極
Tai-Pan
from Cantonese 大班 (daaibaan), lit. big rank (similar to big shot)
Tangram
from Chinese Tang (唐) + English gram
Tao and Taoism
(also Dao/Daoism) from Mandarin 道 dào
Tea
from Amoy 茶
Tofu
Japanese 豆腐, lit. bean rot. from Chinese 豆腐 (Mandarin dòufu).
Tong
from Cantonese 堂
tung oil
from Chinese 桐油 tóng yóu, oil expressed from nuts of the tong tree
Tycoon
via Japanese 大官, lit. high official; or 大君, lit. great nobleman
Typhoon
颱風 not to be confused with the monster typhon. See also other possible Arabic origin.[citation needed]
[edit] W
Wok
from Cantonese 鑊
Won ton
from Cantonese 雲吞 , lit. 'cloud swallow' as a description of its shape, similar to Mandarin 餛飩
Wushu
from Mandarin 武術, lit. martial arts
Wuxia
from Mandarin 武侠 , lit. martial arts and chivalrous
[edit] Y
Yamen
from Mandarin 衙門, lit. court
Yen (craving)
from Cantonese 癮, lit. addiction (to opium)
Yen (Japanese currency)
Japanese 円 en, from Chinese 圓 (Mandarin yuán), lit. round, name of currency unit
Yin Yang
陰陽 from Mandarin 'Yin' meaning feminine, dark and 'Yang' meaning masculine and bright
[edit] Z
Zen
Japanese 禅, from Chinese 禪 (Mandarin Chán), originally from Sanskrit Dhyāna / Pali jhāna.
评论
還有一個詞,“politically correct” 這個是毛澤東發明的,現在這個詞億已經完全變了。
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别的不知道tycoon绝对不是中国词, 是日本来的, 怎么现在国人有象南朝鲜人靠拢的趋势?
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这个挺无聊的。由英语派生的中文词汇更是多的不计其数
评论
感谢分享
评论
不少老外都知道guanxi这个词
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