The first settlers are thought to have arrived around 50,000 years ago. This would have most likely been at a time when the sea levels were low, the land was more humid and animals larger.
Although much of Australia became populated, the central dry areas didn't attract settlers until around 25,000 years ago. The population grew proportionately quicker around 10,000 years ago as the climate improved.
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1606
The first European sightings of Australia were made by a Dutchman called Willem Janszoon on the Duyfken (Little Dove). Janszoon sailed into the Australian waters charting 300 km of the coast on the journey. Janszoon also met with the Aboriginal people on the journey. Janszoon was the first recorded European to achieve such feats. Later that year Louis Vaez de Torres sailed through the Torres Strait, named after himself. Both Captains have been recorded as having sighted the Cape York Peninsula.
1642
Dutch explorer, Abel Tasman's, first journey to Australia. It was in 1644 that Abel Tasman established that Australia was made up of four coasts North, West, East and South. The Australian state of Tasmania was named after this famous explorer.
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1770
Captain Cook lands in Botany Bay on the Eastern side of Australia in the ship named HM Bark Endeavour. and claims New South Wales for Britain.
1788
The First Fleet arrives at Sydney Cove under Captain Arthur Phillip to establish the first settlement in Australia. This was to be a penal colony - Sydney was founded. The date of his arrival, 26 January, went on to mark Australia Day.
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1801 - 1899 | The great age of exploration: coastal surveys (Bass, Flinders), interior (Sturt, Eyre, Leichhardt, Burke and Willis, McDouall Stuart, Forrest). Also the era of the bushrangers, overlanders, and squatters, and individuals such as William Buckley and Ned Kelly.
| 1803 | Mathew Flinders completes the first voyage around Australia in the 'Investigator'.
| 1804 | Castle Hill Rising by Irish convicts in New South Wales.
| 1813 | Barrier of the Blue Mountains Crossed.
| 1825 | Tasmania seceded from New South Wales.
| 1829 | Western Australia formed.
| 1836 | South Australia formed.
| 1840 - 1868 | Convict transportation ended.
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1851 - 1861 | Gold rushes (Ballarat, Bendigo).
| 1851 | Victoria seceded from New South Wales.
| 1855 | Victoria achieved government.
| 1856 | New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania achieved government.
| 1859 | Queensland formed from New South Wales and achieved government.
| 1890 | Western Australia achieved government.
| 1891 | Depression gave rise to the Australian Labor Party.
| 1899 - 1900 | South African War - forces offered by the individual colonies.
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1901 | Creation of the Commonwealth of Australia. This was a federation of the States of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia.
| 1911 | Site for capital at Canberra acquired.
| 1914 - 1918 | World War I - Anzac troops in Europe including Gallipoli. Australia experiences her first major losses in a war during in 1915 on the Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey.
| 1939 - 1945 | World War II - Anzac troops in Greece, Crete, and N Africa (El Alamein) and the Pacific. The Japanese bomb Darwin in 1942.
| 1941 | Curtin's appeal to USA for help in the World War marked the end of the special relationship with Britain.
| 1944 | Liberal party founded by Menzies.
| 1948 - 1975 | Two million new immigrants, the majority from continental Europe
| 1950 - 1953 | Korean War - Australian troops part of the United Nations forces.
| 1964 - 1972 | Vietnam War - Comonwealth troops in alliance with US forces.
| 1966 - 1974 | Mineral boom typified by the Posiedon nickel mine.
| 1967 | The ASEAN was established
| 1973 | Britain entered the Common Market, and in the 1970's Japan became Australia's chief trading partner.
| 1974 | Whitlam abolishes 'white Australia' policy.
| 1975 | Constitutional crisis; Prime Minister Whitlam dismissed by the governor general.
| 1975 | United Nations trust territory of Papua New Guinea became independent.
| 1975 | The Liberal Party under Malcolm Fraser comes to power.
| 1978 | Northern Territory achieved self-government.
| 1979 | Opening of uranium mines in Northern Territory.
| 1983 | Hawke convened first national economic summit - The Fraser Government is defeated in the election and the Australian Labour Party under Bob Hawke forms a government.
| 1988 | Australia celebrates its Bicentennial - 200 years since the first European settlement.
| 1991 | Paul Keating replaced Bob Hawke as Labour Party leader and Prime Minister.
| 1994 | The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was established | 1996 | Labour Party ousted in general election by Liberal-National Coalition.
| 1996 | John Howard replaced Paul Keating as Prime Minister.
| 1901 - 1999 | Australian Prime Ministers of the 20th Century
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2000 | Australia hosts the 2000 Olympic Games.
| 2001 | Australia celebrates the Centenary of the Federation of Australia.
| 2007 | Liberal-National Coalition lost in the general election to the Australian Labor Party (ALP).
| 2007 | Kevin Rudd replaced John Howard as Prime Minister.
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Anzac Day is one of the most important commemorative days in Australia. Held on the 25th April every year, Anzac Day commemorates the day in 1915 when Australian and New Zealand Army Corps landed in Gallipoli, Turkey during World War I.
On that fateful day Australian and New Zealand Soldiers landed in, what is now called Anzac Cove, to be faced with shelling and enemy fire from a large, well-prepared and fierce Turkish force. With only sea behind them, progressing forward was near impossible for the Anzacs.
During the 8 month campaign 8,700 Australians lost their lives along with 2,721 New Zealanders. In proportion to both nation's populations at the time this was a both devasting and monumental loss. While the troops were eventually forced to withdraw, the Gallipoli battle was the birthplace of the Anzac spirit. This spirit is synonymous with bravery, ingenuity and mateship - traits exhibited by the Australian and New Zealand troops during the battle.
The first anniversary of the Gallipoli landing was held on 25th April 1916. It was on this day that the acting Australian Prime Minister officially declared the date Anzac Day. By the 1920's all the Australian states had appointed Anzac Day as a public holiday and ceremonies were being held nationwide. As ceremonies continued through the 1940's World War II veterans also attended the parades. Recently, returned servicemen and women from battles across the globe have been remembered and represented in the ceremonies.
Every year, Anzac Day is commemorated with Dawn Services across Australia, New Zealand and at the landing in Gallipoli, Turkey. The significance of the Dawn Service and parade has to do with an operational practice still in place in the defence force today. Soldiers were made to rise in the half-hour before dawn so they were positioned with their weapons at the very first light - which was the favoured time for attack. This routine is known as 'Stand-to' and was repeated at sunset.
The first Dawn Service was held at the Sydney Cenotaph in 1927. Initially Dawn Services were restricted to War Veterans only, allowing soldiers a time to reflect with their fellow returned servicemen. However, in recent times families and young people alike have been encouraged to participate in these poignant events.
Anzac ceremonies have become more elaborate as the years pass, with huge turnouts at War Memorials, Cenotaphs and Remembrance Shrines nationwide. Generally, an Anzac ceremony includes a speech from a local dignitary or serviceman or woman; laying of a wreath; a hymn and reading of the Ode; playing of 'The Last Post,' followed by a minute's silence and then 'The Rouse.'
Attending an Anzac Ceremony in your local area is both a valuable experience and a memorable way to pay respect to the thousands of soldiers who fought for the freedom of this great nation.
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| PRIME MINISTER | FROM | UNTIL | | | Edmund Barton | 01 / 01 / 1901 | 24 / 09 / 1903 | 
| | Alfred Deakin | 24 / 09 / 1903 | 27 / 04 / 1904 | | John Watson | 27 / 04 / 1904 | 17 / 08 / 1904 | | George Reid | 18 / 08 / 1904 | 05 / 07 / 1905 | | Alfred Deakin | 05 / 07 / 1905 | 13 / 11 / 1908 | | Andrew Fisher | 13 / 11 / 1908 | 02 / 06 / 1909 | | Alfred Deakin | 02 / 06 / 1909 | 29 / 04 / 1910 | | Andrew Fisher | 29 / 04 / 1910 | 24 / 06 / 1913 | | Joseph Cook | 24 / 06 / 1913 | 17 / 09 / 1914 | | Andrew Fisher | 17 / 09 / 1914 | 27 / 10 / 1915 | | William Hughes | 27 / 10 / 1915 | 09 / 02 / 1923 | | Stanley Bruce | 09 / 02 / 1923 | 22 / 10 / 1929 | | James Scullin | 22 / 10 / 1929 | 06 / 01 / 1932 | | Joseph Lyons | 06 / 01 / 1932 | 07 / 04 / 1939 | | Earle Page | 07 / 04 / 1939 | 26 / 04 / 1939 | | Robert Menzies | 26 / 04 / 1939 | 29 / 08 / 1941 | | Arthur Fadden | 29 / 08 / 1941 | 07 / 10 / 1941 | | John Curtin | 07 / 10 / 1941 | 06 / 07 / 1945 | | Francis Forde | 06 / 07 / 1945 | 13 / 07 / 1945 | | Ben Chifley | 13 / 07 / 1945 | 19 / 12 / 1949 | | Robert Menzies | 19 / 12 / 1949 | 26 / 01 / 1966 | | Harold Holt | 26 / 01 / 1966 | 17 / 12 / 1967 | | John McEwan | 17 / 12 / 1967 | 10 / 01 / 1968 | | John Gorton | 10 / 01 / 1968 | 10 / 03 / 1971 | | William McMahon | 10 / 03 / 1971 | 05 / 12 / 1972 | | Gough Whitlam | 05 / 12 / 1972 | 11 / 11 / 1975 | | Malcolm Fraser | 11 / 11 / 1975 | 11 / 03 / 1983 | | Bob Hawke | 11 / 03 / 1983 | 20 / 12 / 1991 | | Paul Keating | 20 / 12 / 1991 | 02 / 03 / 1996 | | John Howard | 02 / 03 / 1996 | 03 / 12 / 2007 | | Kevin Rudd | 03 / 12 / 2007 | -- / -- / ----
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感谢分享，如果每段有简短中文说明就更好了
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it might force people to learn English :)
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English Study may be a more suitable place for this thread.
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truly exceptional piece
[ 本帖最后由 jasonliu234 于 2008-9-16 14:47 编辑 ]
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