终于放下懒惰,开始整理这些澳洲的动物们,由于没有找到任何一个完整的介绍和图文,俺决定全球范围展开搜索,
中英文介绍综合起来更方便大家阅读和了解,图片平均每种都搜了十几次,最后都是选择又大又清晰的贴上来。
生活在这片神奇的大陆,那就不要错过了解它熟悉它的任何机会,暂时整理了部分鸟类,这也仅仅是九牛一毛,单是鹦鹉就几十种呢。
下篇预告:鱼类。
一 鸟类
二 鱼类
一 鸟类
1 Laughing Kookaburra 澳大利亚笑鸟
These birds live in forests.
Their feathers are brown, black, white and blue.
They eat snakes, lizards, frogs and fish.
Their call sounds like they are laughing.
Food
Kookaburras eat insects, small snakes, lizards, frogs and fish, as well as earthworms, crayfish, rodents (reats and mice) as well as an occasional small bird.
A kookaburra kills its prey by bashing it against a perch. The kookaburra runs its meal back and forth in its beak to soften any bones. Then it throws its head back and swallows. Bones and other bits that it can't digest are later brought up as a food pellet.
Kookaburras make a laughing call, most often in the early morning and just before dark. The calls let other kookaburras know where each one lives. An Aboriginal legend says that the kookaburra's laugh is a signal to the sky spirits to light the great fire, the sun, in the morning and to put it out at night.
Breeding
After mating, the female kookaburra lays up to 4 eggs in a hole in a tree. The male and the female take turns to sit on the eggs until they hatch, about 25 days later. Both parents feed their chicks. Adult birds swallow food and then bring it back up again when it is mushy and feed it to the chicks. As the chicks grow they can be fed small worms or slugs or similar small food which they learn to eat like adults do. Then they have to learn how to find the food for themselves.
The young kookaburras have feathers after about one month. They leave the nest soon after that.
澳洲鸟类很多,早就听说有一种鸟,鸣叫声酷似人的狂笑,取名为笑鸟(KOOKABURRA),据说这是土著人的语言。
我来澳洲后,一直没有听过它的笑声,除了在邮票上,更没有亲眼看到过它的容貌。
也曾问过一些朋友,大都不知道这种鸟的情况。
两年前,女儿原先在新南威尔士大学的同学买了一处新居,那是北区的一座建在山坡上的HOUSE,花园很大,毗连着一片树林。我们去参观时盛赞环境幽美宁静。女主人的父亲笑说:“这里好是好,静得使我受不了。每天凌晨,笑鸟的叫声就把人吵醒了,那笑声很狂很狂,第一次,被它吓一跳,听多了,现在也习惯了。”他指向一株高的桉树说:“就是翘枝上那种鸟,每天总是它领头,然后其它鸟才叫。”
这是我第一次听人具体地讲到笑鸟,但由于树太高,我又是高度近视,所以仍然未看清笑鸟的模样。后来查《简明不列颠百科全书》才知道KOOKABURRA(笑翠鸟)是澳大利亚东部翠鸟科ALCEDINIDAE的一种食鱼鸟,以其叫声似狂笑而得名,羽毛灰褐色,为林地留鸟,体长43厘米嘴长8至10厘米,以无脊椎动物和小动物(包括毒蛇)为食。整年保护自己的领域,在树洞中筑巢,幼鸟通常和亲鸟住在一起,并帮助喂养次年的幼鸟。
因为笑鸟的鸣叫在凌晨或日落时可以听到,故有“林中居民的时钟”之称。澳洲北部地区还有一种蓝翅笑翠D.LEACII,因为鸣叫不似笑声,所以未引起人们注意。
—— 文/冰夫
[ 本帖最后由 Tiger_Karen 于 2008-10-26 18:58 编辑 ]
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Australian Magpies are black and white birds that live in areas with trees, including towns and cities and bushland all over Australia. They have red-brown eyes and feet with one toe facing backwards and three toes facing forwards.
Australian Magpies walk along the ground and search for insects like grasshoppers during the day. They jab their strong, straight, triangular white beak into the ground, looking for worms and grubs to eat. They swallow small insects whole but use their beak to break up larger food items before eating them.
Australian Magpies have a beautiful carolling call and they often call together.
Australian Magpies make cup-shaped nests high up in trees or on telegraph poles from sticks and plant stems. They line their nest with wool, hair and grass. Females lay three to five blue or green, brown-blotched eggs. They sit on the eggs (incubate) for 20 days. When the eggs hatch the chicks are helpless and without feathers. The chicks are fed by their mother and have feathers and are ready to fly in about four weeks.
澳大拉西亚(Australasia)雀形目(Passeriformes)钟鹊科(Cracticidae)鸣禽。因其洪亮的具金属音的鸣声和像喜鹊的黑白两色羽衣而得名。多认为只有黑背钟鹊(Gymnorhina tibicen)一种,分布广。有人认为有3种:白背钟鹊(G. hypoleuca)、西钟鹊(G. dorsalis)和黑背钟鹊。长35∼50公分(14∼20吋),与喜鹊不同之处为尾短。在开阔地捕食蜥蜴、蛇和大型昆虫。富侵略性,尤其在繁殖季节,会攻击较大的鸟类甚至人。巢敞开,筑在农村,其中除草和枝条外,还可有大量金属丝。
[描述和分布]钟鹊是澳大利亚最常见最易于辨认的鸟类之一,身体呈黑白两色,分布几乎遍及澳洲大陆和塔斯马尼亚岛,在新几内亚岛也有分布,无论城市还是荒野都能见到,在沿海地区和农业区最为常见,是留鸟或漂鸟。钟鹊分成了几个不同的亚种,在悉尼看到的是分布最广泛的指名亚种黑背钟鹊G. t. tibicen,墨尔本看到的是白背钟鹊G. t. leuconota,黑背钟鹊有时又被分成几个不同的亚种。钟鹊的英文名为澳洲喜鹊,其体形和习性都与鸦、鹊类相似,但是并不属于同一类。
[习性]钟鹊是喧闹而富攻击性的鸟类,有复杂的社会结构,经常能听到它们的二重唱和合唱,声音洪亮而有特色,有时富于变化。
[繁殖]6月-12月为繁殖期,集中在8-10月,在接近树叶的树枝分叉处建大型巢,巢大小根据树枝而略有区别,产卵1-6枚,一半多为3-5枚,由雌鸟孵化,孵化期20天。
[ 本帖最后由 Tiger_Karen 于 2008-10-25 17:23 编辑 ]
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They are Australia's largest flying bird.
澳洲最大的飞鸟。
Adult pelicans have a bright yellow ring around each eye.
Under their long bills they have a saggy throat pouch It's used for collecting food.
When it's very hot pelicans flutter their throat pouches to keep cool.
They like to live in large groups.
They work together to get a meal of fish or tadpoles.
They drive their dinner into shallower water…
…and then all thrust their bills underwater at the same time to scoop up their meal.
In the breeding season the parents build a shallow nest on the ground.
The female usually lays 2 white eggs and she and her partner take turns keeping the eggs warm.
A month later the chicks hatch.
They are naked and pink and their eyes are open.
They rely on their parents to bring them food. Food is partly digested fish.
At 3 weeks the chicks can walk.
When they are 3 months old they can fly.
In a year they will be as big as their parents and able to fly as beautifully as they do.
鹈鹕是最大型的游禽之一,最显著的特征是长长的喙和极度发达的喉囊。
鹈鹕是捕鱼的高手,食量也非常大,一天可以吃一千克以上的鱼。
鹈鹕在各大陆温暖水域都有分布,有1属6种,如算上卷羽鹈鹕和秘鲁鹈鹕则为8种,
我国有白鹈鹕,班嘴鹈鹕和班嘴鹈鹕的亚种卷羽鹈鹕。
世界上还有非洲的粉红背鹈鹕,澳大利亚的澳洲鹈鹕,美洲的红嘴鹈鹕和褐鹈鹕。
在真实的野生世界中,鹈鹕是生活在海岸或内陆湖泊周遭所形成的湿地水塘中。体型虽然巨大,不过同时也是游泳和飞行好手。鹈鹕飞行时速可达五十公里以上,如果在离地三千公尺高的空中盘旋,据说还能持续飞行廿四小时以上。
而鹈鹕最大的特征,就是它下喙的囊袋。鹈鹕成鸟的囊袋容量甚至有十三公升大,不过不是用来储存食物或帮人类宅急便小宝宝,而是用来捕鱼的。
不管是像轰炸机一般从空中俯冲下水,或是潜泳时猎食鱼类,鹈鹕会先瞄准水中的目标,然后把大嘴和囊袋像渔网一般张开,直接插入水中连鱼带水一块捞起来,最后再把水挤出去,剩下的鱼就可以直接吞进肚子里。鹈鹕大多在清晨或黄昏活动,其他时间则多在岸上休息。
过去也有文献记载,在台湾西海岸的渔村曾见过被称为布袋鹅或南风戆的鹈鹕,不过现在已经非常少见。而到海外旅游的行程中,澳洲是最容易接近鹈鹕的旅游地。
澳洲最大型水鸟 黄眼圈不怕盐
鹈鹕是澳洲最大的水鸟,成鸟可重达十公斤,双翼展开宽达两公尺;雄鸟通常比雌鸟的体型、囊袋都更大。在繁殖季节,平常白色的囊袋还会变得粉红色,十分鲜艳。
它们通常会在水岸集体筑巢,一胎大约产下二到四颗蛋;只要卅五天左右,孵化的幼鸟就会全身光溜溜地啄破蛋壳出来。但是幼鸟却需要二到四年的时间,才会完全长大。鹈鹕的平均年龄大约在廿五岁左右。亚成鸟的脚颜色较淡,头顶的羽毛是较深的褐色,直到成鸟才会转黑。
澳大利亚鹈鹕在眼睛四周还有黄眼圈,这是一种能够收集盐分的微妙构造,多余的盐分透过黄眼腺体,从鸟喙排出体外;因此鹈鹕可以随意潜入淡水或海水中而不至于弄坏眼睛。
[ 本帖最后由 Tiger_Karen 于 2008-10-25 17:30 编辑 ]
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茶色蟆口鸱
英文名:Tawny Frogmouth
学名:Podargus strigoides
身长:33-50cm
分布最广泛、最常见的蟆口鸱,分布遍及澳洲各地。不过因为是夜行性,而且颜色通常和环境混为一体,所以并不容易见到。
Tawny frogmouths are birds that are awake at night.
They are not owls.
They eat insects, frogs and small animals.
Their covering is feathers.
To hide, they sit very still and look like a tree branch.
The Tawny Frogmouth is often thought to be an owl, but is in fact related to nightjars. There are 14 species, or kinds, or frogmouth.
Habitat and Distribution (where they are found)
Frogmouths are commonly seen throughout Australia, but not in rainforests or deserts. Tawny frogmouths prefer open eucalyptus woodland.
Appearance and Behaviours
Frogmouths do not have strong talons (claws) like owls.
Males and females look alike, and are 35-50 cm long.They have yellow eyes and a wide beak topped with a tuft of bristly feathers. They make loud clacking sounds with their beaks and their call sounds like drumbeats.
Owls fly around at night hunting food, but Tawny Frogmouths generally remain sitting very still on a low perch, and wait for food to come to them. They catch prey with their beaks, and sometimes drop from their perch onto the prey on the ground.
Tawny frogmouths hunt at night and spend the day roosting on a dead log or tree branch close to the tree trunk.
Their camouflage is excellent - staying very still and upright, they look just like part of the branch.
Diet
The Tawny frogmouth feeds on rats, mice, cicadas, beetles, frogs and other small prey. They catch their prey with their beaks rather than with their talons, another way in which they are different from owls.
Life Cycle
Tawny frogmouth pairs stay together until one of the pair dies. They breed from August to December. They usually use the same nest each year, and must make repairs to their loose, untidy platforms of sticks. After mating with the male, the female lays two or three eggs onto a lining of green leaves in the nest. Both male and female take turns sitting on the eggs to incubate them until they hatch about 30 days later. Both parents help feed the chicks.The chicks move to the edge of the nest and direct their droppings over the edge. About 25 days after hatching, the chicks are ready to leave the nest and lead their own lives.
茶色蟆口鴟,又名褐蟆口鴟、茶色蛙口鷹、茶色夜鶯或茶色夜鷹,是一種蟆口鴟,主要分佈在澳洲、塔斯曼尼亞及新畿內亞南部。茶色蟆口鴟一般都被認為是貓頭鷹。
雄鳥與雌鳥相似,約長35-150厘米。牠們的眼睛是黃色的,闊喙上有一束羽毛。牠們可以用喙發出響聲。
茶色蟆口鴟偽裝成樹幹。
茶色蟆口鴟於夜間飛行獵食,早上會留在樹上,等待獵物的到來。牠們會用喙捕捉獵物而不用鈎爪,有時從樹上衝往地上捕捉獵物。牠們的偽裝很好,當不動時,會以為牠們是樹幹的一部份。茶色蟆口鴟吃老鼠、蟬、甲蟲、青蛙及其他細小的獵物。
茶色蟆口鴟成雙成對的生活,直至另一方死去。牠們於每年的8月至12月交配。牠們會住在同一個巢中,並會修理鬆散及不整齊的部份。雌鳥與雄鳥交配後,會在巢中產下2-3顆蛋。雄鳥及雌鳥會輪流看守蛋,約於30日就會孵化。牠們會一同的哺育雛鳥。雛鳥孵化後25日就可以離巢過自己的生活。
[ 本帖最后由 Tiger_Karen 于 2008-10-25 17:39 编辑 ]
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【物种名称】 虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉
【又 名】 彩虹吸蜜鹦鹉、红胸五彩鹦鹉
【拉丁学名】 Trichoglossus haematodus
科属分类: 鸟纲(Aves)、鹦形目(Psittaciformes)、鹦鹉科(Psittacidae)、吸蜜鹦鹉族
体长:24cm(10 -12吋)
【地理分布】 栖息地广部于印尼、新几内亚、澳洲与其外围的众多岛屿上。野生的虹彩吸蜜鹦鹉栖息于低地森林、公园和庭院等地,常常成对或集群活动。
食物:以树木的花、果实、种子、嫩芽及昆虫等为食。
整体概述:
彩虹吸蜜鹦鹉(Rainbow Lory)身上的羽色宛如彩虹般炫丽夺目,是Trichoglossus属中颜色最鲜豔亮丽的种类。他们也是吸蜜家族中最庞大的族群,其下高达21种亚种,每种都身披灿烂耀眼的羽色。由于他们的颈部是鲜豔的黄绿色,因此又被称为绿颈吸蜜(Green Naped Lory)。在国内他们是相当受欢迎和普遍的吸蜜鹦鹉,也就是俗称为「青海」的吸蜜鹦鹉。彩虹吸蜜生性非常活泼爱玩,不仅需要比较宽广的空间,一成不变缺乏刺激的生活也会让他们觉得索然无味,因此饲主最好准备一个足够的空间,在摆上许多他们喜欢的玩具(例如铃铛),让好动的他们不至于感觉无聊;他们非常聪明,学习能力相当强,很容易就能够学会许多小把戏或是小技巧,他们的语言能力不错,很快便能够学习些字汇和句子,也能够了解饲主的指令,是非常灵巧聪慧的宠物鸟;彩虹吸蜜对饲主相当忠诚,手养的幼鸟个性相当温驯友善,会接纳家庭中的任何成员,即使是陌生人也可以和他们互动的很好,成年的鸟大部分都会有仅认一位饲主的倾向,因此在幼鸟时期多让他们接触不同的家族成员,学习社会化便相当重要。
外形特征:
鸟体为绿色,额头、头顶、脸颊附近、鸟喙和眼睛之间、下巴为蓝色,延伸到头部後方、胸部上方、脸颊後方渐渐变为棕黑色;颈部弯曲的地方为黄绿色;胸部红色,每片羽毛均带有宽约2公分的蓝黑色滚边;腹部深绿色;大腿、尾巴内侧覆羽均为黄绿色,并且带有深绿色滚边;翅膀内侧覆羽为橙色,内侧飞行羽分布著很宽的黄色带状;尾巴内侧橄榄黄;鸟喙橘红;虹膜红棕色。幼鸟的鸟喙为棕黑色,虹膜深色。
【繁 殖】
对于人工繁殖的彩虹吸蜜鹦鹉来说,一旦开始繁殖,即十分多产且稳定的持续繁殖,一般而言,公鸟约在18-20月大时成熟,母鸟则需两年它们是多产且全年皆可繁殖种类, 当然也有可能很早即开始繁殖,但还是建议在完全性成熟后始给予繁殖机会比较理想,一窝约产2颗蛋,孵化期23-26天,7-8个星期羽毛长成,不宜太晚将幼鸟移出,如果亲鸟又开始准备繁殖下一窝时幼鸟如尚未离巢可能会遭亲鸟攻击。
Rainbow lorikeets are a kind of parrot.
They live in forests and gardens.
Their feathers are very colourful.
They eat have a brush tongue to get nectar from flowers.
They fly fast and make a lot of noise.
The rainbow lorikeet is a species, or kind, of parrot.
There are several kinds of rainbow lorikeet.
[ 本帖最后由 Tiger_Karen 于 2008-10-25 17:43 编辑 ]
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中文学名:楔尾雕
英文学名:Wedge-tailed Eagle
楔尾雕,是澳大利亚最大的食肉猛禽,因其尾羽似楔行而得名。它是金雕的表亲,所以面部相貌与金雕也惊
人的相似。体型从获得的图片上来看比金雕稍大,性情凶猛,还能能捕食成年袋鼠。
最明显的特征莫过于它那楔形的尾部。此外,成鸟鸟喙尖端成黑色,喙的基部为肉色,眼先至眉处一般无羽
均为肉色;瞳孔为黑色,虹膜为肉色到褐色;全身为黑褐色,至颈部羽色偏淡;肩部及次级覆羽羽色偏浅,为土黄色或偏白色;跗跖部全部覆羽;爪为三前一后爪形,为淡黄色,趾甲为黑色。亚成体的整只鸟喙均为肉色,颈部有白毛,色偏褐色,初级飞羽有不明显横斑。
分布于澳大利亚的北部区,生于食物链的顶端。
They are birds.
The strong hooked beak has a razor sharp edge.
On their feet they have sharp claws or talons that are very useful for killing and carrying food.
They spend a lot of their day in the air flying.
They can soar so high that we can't see them from the ground.
They have very good hearing and excellent eyesight.
They can spot a meal from way up in the sky. They are carnivores. That means they like to eat meat. Rabbit is their favourite food but they also like lizards, birds and the meat of already dead animals. They often share their food with other wedge tailed eagles.
When they are full, they carry bits of food away and hide them for later. They might hide the food between rocks or in trees. e
They use the same breeding and nesting grounds year after year. They like to make their nests high up, in trees or on rocky outcrops or cliffs. Some wedge tailed eagles stay with the same partner all their lives.
Females usually lay 1 or 2 eggs.
They are round, creamy white and blotched with brown.
Six weeks later tiny eagles covered in soft down hatch.
Often only one chick survives.
The parents bring it bits of meat to eat. The chick stays with its parents for about 6 months learning how to fly and hunt. It then heads off to find its own territory.
[ 本帖最后由 Tiger_Karen 于 2008-10-25 17:48 编辑 ]
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鸸鹋 érmiáo(又名澳洲鸵鸟)。鸸鹋能堂而皇之地走上国徽,得益于它是澳大利亚最大的鸟,是澳大利亚的象征性动物之一, 鸸鹋是世界最大的陆地鸟之一,也是世界上最古老的鸟种之一,是鸟纲鹤鸵目鸸鹋科唯一残存种。
鸸鹋(鸸鶓)
鸟名。形似鸵鸟而较小,体高约1.5米。嘴短而扁,羽毛灰色或褐色。翅膀退化,足三趾,腿长善走。产于 澳洲 森林中,吃树叶和野果。是仅次于鸵鸟的最大鸟,栖息于开阔森林与平原,羽毛发育不全,具纤细垂羽,副羽甚发达,头、颈有羽毛、无肉垂。
鹤鸵目(Casuariiformes)鸸鶓科(Dromaiidae或Dromiceiidae)唯一生存的鸟类。鹤鸵目还包括鹤鸵(cassowary)。鸸鶓产於澳大利亚,不能飞翔。是现存的另一种最大鸟类,身高超过1.5公尺(5呎),体重超过45公斤(100磅)。鸸鶓(Dromaius novaehollandiae或Dromiceius novaehollandiae)是由殖民者所造成的几个绝灭类型中唯一的幸存者,体健壮,腿长,同其亲属鹤鸵一样。两性体羽均为褐色,头和颈暗灰。鸸鶓的跑速每小时可达50公里(30哩)。被困时用三趾的大脚踢人,鸸鶓终生配对。每窝产7∼10枚暗绿色卵,卵长13公分(5吋)。在地面上筑巢。雄鸟孵卵约60天。体上有条纹的幼雏出壳後很快就能跟著成鸟跑。鸸鶓成小群取食果实和昆虫,也可能毁坏庄稼。特别的气管结构在繁殖期可发出巨大的隆隆声。有3个亚种栖息於澳大利亚北部、东南部和西南部,第四个亚种(现已绝灭)曾栖息於塔斯马尼亚岛。
鸸鹋广泛分布于澳大利亚大陆,但是在开阔地区比较常见而在山地和茂密的森林等地比较罕见。鸸鹋易于饲养,被广泛引入其他国家,在我国很多动物园中都能见到。它外表很像非洲沙漠中的鸵鸟,但没有鸵鸟高大,其身高约1.5米-2米,成年雌性鸸鹋比雄性的大。体重数十公斤不等,从动物分类学来说,它应属于鸵鸟类中的一种。
鸸鹋喜爱生活在草原、森林和沙漠地带,全身披着褐色的羽毛,擅长奔跑,时速可达70公里,并可连续飞跑上百公里之遥。鸸鹋虽有双翅,但同鸵鸟一样已完全退化,无法飞翔。以野草、种子、果实等植物及昆虫、蜥蜴等小动物为食它能泅水,可以从容渡过宽阔湍急的河流。鸸鹋耐饥渴,长相一直保持史前时代的形状,没有丝毫变化,这令一些动物学家深感困惑。
鸸鹋或出双入对,或三五成群,极少见有踽踽独行的。鸸鹋的成熟期长达3年,一只成年雌鸟只在每年的11月至翌年的4月产蛋,每次7-15枚,而孵卵的责任由雄鸟来承担。在整个孵化期间,雄性在长达两个半月的时间里几乎不吃不喝,表现出极强的“父爱”,它们完全靠消耗自身体内的脂肪来维持生命,直到小鸸鹋脱壳而出,新生命的啼鸣回响在湛蓝的天空……每次孵化后,雄性体重会降低许多,雏鸟出壳后,仍由父亲照料近2个月。
鸸鹋很友善,若不激怒它,它从不啄人。它对食物也不讲究,主要以草类为食,也爱吃一些草蝶及昆虫。在野生动物保护区里,鸸鹋能经常改善伙食,吃到游人喂它的面包、香肠及饼干等。当有汽车在公路边停下来时,鸸鹋毫无戒备,反而会大摇大摆地踱步而来,争抢着把头伸进车窗,一是对你表示亲近,二是希望你能给点好东西吃。
科学研究表明,数十万年的地质和气候变迁,仍无法改变它们最初形成的原始型态,这种神奇的适应能力在自然界的进化史中是极为罕见的。
Emus live all over Australia.
Emus are birds but they can't fly.
Emus have long strong legs for running.
Emus are covered with fluffy feathers.
Emus eat grass, fruits, flowers, seeds and insects.
[ 本帖最后由 Tiger_Karen 于 2008-10-25 17:53 编辑 ]
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【动物名称】葵花凤头鹦
【又 名】大巴丹、中巴丹、大葵花鹦鹉、葵花鹦鹉
【拉丁名称】Cacatua galerita
【英文名称】Sulphur crested Cockatoo
【科属分类】 鸟纲(Aves)、鹦形目(Psittaciformes)、凤头鹦鹉科(Cacatuidae)
葵花凤头鹦鹉是美丽优雅的大型凤头鹦鹉,早期走私到台湾的凤头鹦鹉中常能见它们的踪影,由于天性活泼聪明,常被训练至马戏团表演,它们在澳洲当地是普遍且便宜的宠物鸟,在许多农耕区甚至被视为农业害鸟,叫声大而响亮、破坏力强是其缺点 。葵花鹦鹉是一种相当长寿的动物,如果喂养的方法得当,它们的寿命一般在40年左右。但是在野外因为有天敌,它们的寿命会比家养条件下短很多。
分布范围
分布在澳洲的北部、东部与南部及塔斯马尼亚、袋鼠岛,印尼的东摩鹿加群岛、新几内亚、国王岛、艾鲁岛等,也引进一些非原生地的地方如新西兰即为新西兰及数个岛屿。
生活习性
葵花凤头鹦鹉通常群居,常常数百只成群,在觅食时会各自分散为一小群,通常在地上觅食,有些会在树上警戒,注意有无危险,有危险的状况时会警告正在觅食的同伴,主要食物有种子、坚果及水果、 飞行时常发出沙哑响亮的巨大叫声,有时会到农作物区觅食,造成很严重的农业损失,被视为害鸟,在某些地区的农民被允许可以猎杀破坏农作物的葵花凤头鹦鹉,也有人为了它们的美丽羽毛而猎杀它们。
种群现状
依亚种不同约44-51cm,包括5属17种。生活中最常见的葵花鹦鹉包括葵花凤头鹦鹉、小葵花凤头鹦鹉、鲑色葵花凤头鹦鹉、大白葵花凤头鹦鹉四种。
1. Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (产于澳洲,最大型的种类)
2. Mathews Cockatoo (产于澳洲)
3. Triton Cockatoo (产于新几内亚与希巴布亚群岛)
4. Eleonora Cockatoo (产于印度尼西亚境内的一些岛屿)
生长繁殖
筑巢于高耸的树洞中,澳洲南方的繁殖期在8月至次年1月,北方在5~12月,一窝约有2~3颗蛋,通常2颗,30天后孵化,70天后羽毛长成;饲养葵花 凤头鹦鹉就像饲养其它的凤头鹦鹉一样,需对它付出多一些的关心与注意,尤其只饲养一只时;它们常常只亲近主人一人,而对他人有攻击性,可学会一些把戏,一些野外捕捉的野生鸟也可变的很驯服,公鸟的说话能力较母鸟佳。有时巨大的叫声非常吵杂,尤其是晨间及傍晚,啃咬力很强,笼舍必须够坚固,它们需要大笼舍,至少5x1.2x2m的规格,最好是6x2x2m较理想,提供新鲜树枝与玩具供咬嚼,也可消除无聊。
在澳洲葵花凤头鹦鹉在澳洲本土的繁殖不多,因为有许多野外的幼鸟能够合法的捕捉,因为葵花凤头鹦鹉在野外的数量算是稳定且安全(全世界总数量约有50万只以上),在繁殖期间会明显地变安静,提供的巢箱要加上坚固的金属边,可使用金属制巢箱,或将其外挂于笼外,否则强大的咬合力会严重地破坏木制巢箱 ,4、5岁以后有繁殖能力,一次约产2至3颗蛋,孵化期约30天,9至10星期后羽毛长成,有时对巢箱检查会显的敏感与不安。
Cockatoos are a kind of parrot.
They live in forests and farmlands.
Their feathers are white and yellow.
They eat seeds of plants, grains, berries, buds, insects and weeds.
They are very noisy birds!
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神仙企鹅Fairy Penguin ,据说现在统称小企鹅Little Penguin,体重1公斤左右,寿命约10年,是唯一生长在澳洲的企鹅。
这种身长不足37厘米,只有南极企鹅一半高的小企鹅(Little Penguin),却具有超凡的潜水能力。
Little Penguins are black and white diving birds that live in small colonies in the seas of southern Australia. They have black beaks with a hook on the end and sharp cutting edges and webbed feet with long toenails. They call with a yapping sound.
This Little Penguin is sitting in its burrow.
Little Penguins search under water for crustaceans, fish and squid during the day. They grasp their prey with the hook and sharp cutting edges of their beak and go to the surface of the water to swallow it whole.
Little Penguins dig a burrow under a rock or grass tussock and line it with grass and leaves to make their nest. Females lay one to three white, oval eggs. Both parents take it in turns to sit on the eggs to keep them warm for 36 days. When the eggs hatch the chicks are helpless and covered in soft down.
Both parents feed and care for the chicks until they are eight weeks old, when they are ready to 'fly' underwater and feed themselves.
——————鸟类篇——————
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SF,感谢虎团长总结
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好像Kookaburra 也可以用来称呼澳洲人,不是很确定。
还有一种鸟,没见过样子,但是叫起来像“董建华,董建华”
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第2种我一直认为是乌鸦
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乌鸦好大个的,差不多有鸡那么大
乌鸦的喙也比较长
[ 本帖最后由 steveking 于 2008-10-25 18:20 编辑 ]
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我家门前就有一树的葵花凤头鹦鹉,整天叫啊,闹人的要命~
Wedge-tailed Eagle在我家河边的小山谷里就生活着一对,也是有幸常见它们。
下篇预告,鱼类篇。
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最近一个澳洲朋友告诉我,那种看起来象乌鸦或者喜鹊的鸟是益鸟,很多GARDEN都欢迎他们;而那种黄嘴灰色的很常见的小鸟(一般露天咖啡店最常见)则是外来的害鸟。不过我说不上鸟儿的名字。
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这贴太棒了,我老爸的最爱!
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好贴。楼主费了不少时间来找资料吧。
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黄鹂的一种,具体名字俺改天问问。不过叫声还是可以的。
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老爷子喜欢玩鸟?我家邻居家的红桃鹦鹉会说话,特逗,俺一见面就和它聊几句,当然啦,聊来聊去就那么几句哈。
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多谢支持,的确太多了。鸟类的这只是个典型代表,鱼类的已经搜集到20多种,俺都有半途而废的心了。
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支持一下
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留个纪念 以后需要再来取经
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Accipitridae: Hawks and Allies 鹰科 (一)
Aviceda cuculoides African Baza 西非鹃隼
Aviceda madagascariensis Madagascar Baza 马岛鹃隼
Aviceda jerdoni Jerdon\'\'s Baza 褐冠鹃隼
Aviceda subcristata Pacific Baza 凤头鹃隼
Aviceda leuphotes Black Baza 黑冠鹃隼
Leptodon cayanensis Grey-headed Kite 灰头鸢
Leptodon forbesi White-collared Kite 白领鸢
Chondrohierax uncinatus Hook-billed Kite 钩嘴鸢
Henicopernis longicauda Long-tailed Honey-buzzard 长尾鵟
Henicopernis infuscatus Black Honey-buzzard 黑长尾鹰
Pernis apivorus European Honey-buzzard 蜂鹰
Pernis ptilorhyncus Oriental Honey-buzzard 凤头蜂鹰
Pernis celebensis Barred Honey-buzzard 菲律宾蜂鹰
Lophoictinia isura Square-tailed Kite 方尾鸢
Hamirostra melanosternon Black-breasted Buzzard 黑胸钩嘴鸢
Elanoides forficatus Swallow-tailed Kite 燕尾鸢
Macheiramphus alcinus Bat Hawk 蝠鸢
Gampsonyx swainsonii Pearl Kite 珠鸢
Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite 黑翅鸢
Elanus axillaris Black-shouldered Kite 黑肩鸢
Elanus leucurus White-tailed Kite 白尾鸢
Elanus scriptus Letter-winged Kite 纹翅鸢
Chelictinia riocourii Scissor-tailed Kite 剪尾鸢
Rostrhamus sociabilis Snail Kite or Everglade Kite 螺鸢
Rostrhamus hamatus Slender-billed Kite 细嘴螺鸢
Harpagus bidentatus Double-toothed Kite 双齿鹰
Harpagus diodon Rufous-thighed Kite 棕腿齿鹰
Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi Kite 密西西比灰鸢
Ictinia plumbea Plumbeous Kite 铅灰鸢
Milvus milvus Red Kite 鸢
Milvus migrans Black Kite 黑鸢
Milvus lineatus Black-eared Kite 黑耳鸢
Haliastur sphenurus Whistling Kite 啸栗鸢
Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite 栗鸢
Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea-Eagle 白腹海雕
Haliaeetus sanfordi Sanford\'\'s Fish-Eagle 所罗门海雕
Haliaeetus vocifer African Fish-Eagle 吼海雕
Haliaeetus vociferoides Madagascar Fish-Eagle 马岛海雕
Haliaeetus leucoryphus Pallas\'\'s Fish-Eagle 玉带海雕
Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle 白尾海雕
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald Eagle 白头海雕
Haliaeetus pelagicus Steller\'\'s Sea-Eagle 虎头海雕
Ichthyophaga humilis Lesser Fish-Eagle 小渔雕
Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Grey-headed Fish-Eagle 灰头渔雕
Accipitridae: Hawks and Allies 鹰科 (二)
Gypohierax angolensis Palm-nut Vulture 棕榈鹫
Gypaetus barbatus Lammergeier 胡兀鹫
Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture 白兀鹫
Necrosyrtes monachus Hooded Vulture 头巾兀鹫
Gyps africanus White-backed Vulture 非洲白背兀鹫
Gyps bengalensis White-rumped Vulture 白背兀鹫
Gyps indicus Long-billed Vulture 长嘴兀鹫
Gyps rueppellii Rueppell\'\'s Griffon 黑白兀鹫
Gyps himalayensis Himalayan Griffon 高山兀鹫
Gyps fulvus Eurasian Griffon 兀鹫
Gyps coprotheres Cape Griffon 南非兀鹫
Aegypius monachus Cinereous Vulture 秃鹫
Torgos tracheliotus Lappet-faced Vulture 肉垂秃鹫
Trigonoceps occipitalis White-headed Vulture 白头鹫
Sarcogyps calvus Red-headed Vulture 黑兀鹫
Accipitridae: Hawks and Allies 鹰科 (三)
Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Snake-Eagle 短趾雕
Circaetus pectoralis Black-chested Snake-Eagle 黑胸短趾雕
Circaetus cinereus Brown Snake-Eagle 灰短趾雕
Circaetus fasciolatus Fasciated Snake-Eagle 斑短趾雕
Circaetus cinerascens Banded Snake-Eagle 小斑短趾雕
Terathopius ecaudatus Bateleur 短尾雕
Spilornis cheela Crested Serpent-Eagle 蛇雕
Spilornis minimus Nicobar Serpent-Eagle 尼科巴蛇雕
Spilornis kinabaluensis Mountain Serpent-Eagle 山蛇雕
Spilornis rufipectus Sulawesi Serpent-Eagle 苏拉蛇雕
Spilornis holospilus Philippine Serpent-Eagle 菲律宾蛇雕
Spilornis elgini Andaman Serpent-Eagle 安达曼蛇雕
Dryotriorchis spectabilis Congo Serpent-Eagle 刚果蛇雕
Eutriorchis astur Madagascar Serpent-Eagle 马岛蛇雕
Accipitridae: Hawks and Allies 鹰科 (四)
Circus aeruginosus Western or Eurasian Marsh-Harrier 白头鹞
Circus ranivorus African Marsh-Harrier
Circus spilonotus Eastern Marsh-Harrier 白腹鹞
Circus approximans Swamp Harrier Circus maillardi Reunion Marsh-Harrier
Circus buffoni Long-winged Harrier 长翅鹞
Circus assimilis Spotted Harrier 斑点鹞
Circus maurus Black Harrier 黑鹞
Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier or Hen Harrier 白尾鹞
Circus cinereus Cinereous Harrier 灰鹞
Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier 草原鹞
Circus melanoleucos Pied Harrier 鹊鹞
Circus pygargus Montagu\'\'s Harrier 乌灰鹞
Polyboroides typus African Harrier-Hawk or Gymnogene 猎鹰
Polyboroides radiatus Madagascar Harrier-Hawk 马岛猎鹰
Kaupifalco monogrammicus Lizard Buzzard 蜥鵟/蜥雕
Melierax metabates Dark Chanting-Goshawk 歌鹰
Melierax poliopterus Eastern Chanting-Goshawk 灰歌鹰
Melierax canorus Pale Chanting-Goshawk 淡色歌鹰
Melierax gabar Gabar Goshawk 红脸歌鹰
Accipiter poliogaster Grey-bellied Goshawk 灰腹鹰
Accipiter trivirgatus Crested Goshawk 凤头鹰
Accipiter griseiceps Sulawesi Goshawk 灰头凤头鹰
Accipiter tachiro African Goshawk 非洲鹰
Accipiter castanilius Chestnut-flanked Sparrowhawk 栗肋鹰
Accipiter badius Shikra 褐耳雀鹰
Accipiter butleri Nicobar Sparrowhawk 尼科巴雀鹰
Accipiter brevipes Levant Sparrowhawk 东方雀鹰
Accipiter soloensis Chinese Goshawk 赤腹鹰
Accipiter francesiae Frances\'\'s Goshawk 马岛鹰
Accipiter trinotatus Spot-tailed Goshawk 点尾鹰
Accipiter novaehollandiae Grey Goshawk 灰鹰
Accipiter fasciatus Brown Goshawk 褐鹰
Accipiter melanochlamys Black-mantled Goshawk 褐背鹰
Accipiter albogularis Pied Goshawk 鹊色鹰
Accipiter rufitorques Fiji Goshawk 棕颈鹰
Accipiter haplochrous White-bellied Goshawk 白腹鹰
Accipiter henicogrammus Moluccan Goshawk 白头鹰
Accipiter luteoschistaceus Slaty-mantled Sparrowhawk 蓝灰雀鹰
Accipiter imitator Imitator Sparrowhawk 拟鹰
Accipiter poliocephalus Grey-headed Goshawk 苍头鹰
Accipiter princeps New Britain Goshawk [新不列颠]灰头鹰
Accipiter superciliosus Tiny Hawk 侏鹰
Accipiter collaris Semicollared Hawk 半领鹰
Accipiter erythropus Red-thighed Sparrowhawk 红腿雀鹰
Accipiter minullus Little Sparrowhawk 小雀鹰
Accipiter gularis Japanese Sparrowhawk 日本松雀鹰
Accipiter virgatus Besra 松雀鹰
Accipiter nanus Small Sparrowhawk
Accipiter erythrauchen Rufous-necked Sparrowhawk 红颈雀鹰
Accipiter cirrocephalus Collared Sparrowhawk 领雀鹰
Accipiter brachyurus New Britain Sparrowhawk 短尾雀鹰
Accipiter rhodogaster Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk 葡萄胸雀鹰
Accipiter madagascariensis Madagascar Sparrowhawk 马岛雀鹰
Accipiter ovampensis Ovambo Sparrowhawk 南非雀鹰
Accipiter nisus Eurasian Sparrowhawk 雀鹰
Accipiter rufiventris Rufous-chested Sparrowhawk 棕胸雀鹰
Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned Hawk 尖颊鹰
Accipiter chionogaster White-breasted Hawk 白胸鹰
Accipiter ventralis Plain-breasted Hawk 淡胸鹰
Accipiter erythronemius Rufous-thighed Hawk 棕腿鹰
Accipiter cooperii Cooper\'\'s Hawk 鸡鹰
Accipiter gundlachi Gundlach\'\'s Hawk 古巴鹰
Accipiter bicolor Bicolored Hawk 双色鹰
Accipiter melanoleucus Black Goshawk 黑白雀鹰
Accipiter henstii Henst\'\'s Goshawk 亨氏鹰
Accipiter gentilis Northern Goshawk 苍鹰
Accipiter meyerianus Meyer\'\'s Goshawk 白颊雀鹰
Erythrotriorchis buergersi Chestnut-shouldered Goshawk 新几内亚鹰
Erythrotriorchis radiatus Red Goshawk 赤鹰
Megatriorchis doriae Doria\'\'s Goshawk 巨赤鹰
Urotriorchis macrourus Long-tailed Hawk 非洲长尾鹰
Butastur rufipennis Grasshopper Buzzard 蝗鵟鹰
Butastur teesa White-eyed Buzzard 白眼鵟鹰
Butastur liventer Rufous-winged Buzzard 棕翅鵟鹰
Butastur indicus Grey-faced Buzzard 灰脸鵟鹰
Geranospiza caerulescens Crane Hawk 鹤鹰
Leucopternis plumbea Plumbeous Hawk 铅灰南美鵟
Leucopternis schistacea Slate-colored Hawk 鼠灰南美鵟
Leucopternis princeps Barred Hawk 横斑南美鵟
Leucopternis melanops Black-faced Hawk 黑脸南美鵟
Leucopternis kuhli White-browed Hawk 白眉南美鵟
Leucopternis lacernulata White-necked Hawk 白颈南美鵟
Leucopternis semiplumbea Semiplumbeous Hawk 淡灰南美鵟
Leucopternis albicollis White Hawk 白领南美鵟
Leucopternis occidentalis Grey-backed Hawk 灰背南美鵟
Leucopternis polionota Mantled Hawk 斗蓬南美鵟
Buteogallus aequinoctialis Rufous Crab-Hawk 棕鸡鵟
Buteogallus anthracinus Common Black-Hawk 黑鸡鵟
Buteogallus subtilis Mangrove Black-Hawk 红林鸡鵟
Buteogallus urubitinga Great Black-Hawk 大黑鸡鵟
Buteogallus meridionalis Savanna Hawk 草原鸡鵟
Parabuteo unicinctus Harris\'\'s Hawk 栗翅鹰
Busarellus nigricollis Black-collared Hawk 黑领鹰
Geranoaetus melanoleucus Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle 鵟雕
Harpyhaliaetus solitarius Solitary Eagle 孤冕雕
Harpyhaliaetus coronatus Crowned Eagle 冕雕
Buteo plagiatus Grey Hawk 灰鵟
Buteo nitidus Grey-lined Hawk 灰鵟
Buteo magnirostris Roadside Hawk 大嘴鵟
Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered Hawk 赤肩鵟
Buteo ridgwayi Ridgway\'\'s Hawk 岛鵟
Buteo platypterus Broad-winged Hawk 巨翅鵟
Buteo leucorrhous White-rumped Hawk 白腰鵟
Buteo brachyurus Short-tailed Hawk 短尾鵟
Buteo albigula White-throated Hawk 带尾鵟
Buteo swainsoni Swainson\'\'s Hawk 斯温氏鵟
Buteo albicaudatus White-tailed Hawk 白尾鵟
Buteo galapagoensis Galapagos Hawk 加岛鵟
Buteo polyosoma Red-backed Hawk 红背鵟
Buteo poecilochrous Puna Hawk 变色鵟
Buteo albonotatus Zone-tailed Hawk 带尾鵟
Buteo solitarius Hawaiian Hawk 孤鵟
Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed Hawk 红尾鵟
Buteo ventralis Rufous-tailed Hawk 美洲棕尾鵟
Buteo buteo Common Buzzard 普通鵟
Buteo oreophilus Mountain Buzzard 山鵟
Buteo brachypterus Madagascar Buzzard 短翅鵟
Buteo rufinus Long-legged Buzzard 棕尾鵟
Buteo hemilasius Upland Buzzard 高地鵟
Buteo regalis Ferruginous Hawk 王鵟
Buteo lagopus Rough-legged Hawk 毛脚鵟
Buteo auguralis Red-necked Buzzard 非洲赤尾鵟
Buteo augur Augur Buzzard 暗棕鵟
Buteo archeri Archer\'\'s Buzzard
Buteo rufofuscus Jackal Buzzard 暗棕鵟
Accipitridae: Hawks and Allies 鹰科 (五)
Morphnus guianensis Crested Eagle 冠雕
Harpia harpyja Harpy Eagle 角雕
Harpyopsis novaeguineae New Guinea Eagle 新几内亚角雕
Pithecophaga jefferyi Great Philippine Eagle 食猿雕
Ictinaetus malayensis Black Eagle 林雕
Aquila pomarina Lesser Spotted Eagle 小乌雕
Aquila clanga Greater Spotted Eagle 乌雕
Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle 茶色雕
Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle 草原雕
Aquila adalberti Adalbert\'\'s Eagle 西班牙白肩雕
Aquila heliaca Imperial Eagle 白肩雕
Aquila gurneyi Gurney\'\'s Eagle 格尼氏雕
Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle 金雕
Aquila audax Wedge-tailed Eagle 楔尾雕
Aquila verreauxii Verreaux\'\'s Eagle 黑雕
Aquila wahlbergi Wahlberg\'\'s Eagle 细嘴雕
Hieraaetus fasciatus Bonelli\'\'s Eagle 白腹隼雕
Hieraaetus spilogaster African Hawk-Eagle 非洲隼雕
Hieraaetus pennatus Booted Eagle 靴隼雕
Hieraaetus morphnoides Little Eagle 小隼雕
Hieraaetus ayresii Ayres\'\'s Hawk-Eagle 艾氏隼雕
Hieraaetus kienerii Rufous-bellied Eagle 棕腹隼雕
Polemaetus bellicosus Martial Eagle 猛雕
Spizastur melanoleucus Black-and-White Hawk-Eagle 黑白鹰雕
Lophaetus occipitalis Long-crested Eagle 长冠雕
Spizaetus africanus Cassin\'\'s Hawk-Eagle 叫鹰雕
Spizaetus cirrhatus Changeable Hawk-Eagle 凤头鹰雕
Spizaetus nipalensis Mountain Hawk-Eagle 鹰雕
Spizaetus alboniger Blyth\'\'s Hawk-Eagle 马来鹰雕
Spizaetus bartelsi Javan Hawk-Eagle 爪哇鹰雕
Spizaetus lanceolatus Sulawesi Hawk-Eagle 苏拉鹰雕
Spizaetus philippensis Philippine Hawk-Eagle 菲律宾鹰雕
Spizaetus nanus Wallace\'\'s Hawk-Eagle 小鹰雕
Spizaetus tyrannus Black Hawk-Eagle 黑鹰雕
Spizaetus ornatus Ornate Hawk-Eagle 饰冠鹰雕
Stephanoaetus coronatus Crowned Hawk-Eagle 冕鹰雕
Oroaetus isidori Black-and-chestnut Eagle 黑栗雕
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上面的信息喜欢观鸟的朋友应该会觉得有用。
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嘿嘿,厉害厉害。
下次鱼类的汇总,有个小小的建议:
虎妞去钓鱼天地,看看大家都钓到啥鱼,把那些鱼的片片和介绍优先贴出来,就更好了。
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鱼类的照片基本找的差不多了,当地的网站图片都清晰,鱼太多,Sharks就十种,这个钓鱼天地估计没有图
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赞
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这个整理真厉害,要求加精华啊,明天仔细看看再来发言。
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太感谢朱版的提名了!
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我找了关于这些鸟的资料:
这种鸟学名INDIAN MYNA(印度八哥),在19世纪60年代从亚洲引入墨尔本。据说是一位居民因怀念亚洲鸟雀的鸣叫声而从亚洲带来的。
印度八哥有争地盘争巢穴的恶习。它们不仅强行赶走巢中的鹦鹉,还摧毁鹦鹉蛋,啄死小鹦鹉。因此被澳洲人称为“垃圾鸟”、“鸟雀界的恶棍”。
据一位研究这种鸟类的专家说,印度八哥繁殖很快,从前只在东部一些地区有,为数不多,但没有想到几十年后,它已经遍及全国各地。而在东部的一些土生鸟及小哺乳动物,见到它们简直闻风丧胆。这位鸟类专家表示,他们将会动员澳洲近两万多名观鸟客调查研究这种“鸟雀界恶棍”的蔓延繁生情况。
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