一直看到坛子里有讨论关于个人信用记录的话题。各种推断，猜测，定论。也看到不时有神卡诱惑着大家抢一个放到钱包里或者抽屉里。当然也有因为信用记录出了问题，贷款批不下来，急得跳脚的。
想想自己在这行也工作了好几年了，应该分享一下这方面的信息，如何管理自己的信用记录。尤其是马上comprehensive credit reporting(CCR) 就要实施了。迟迟没写，一来是懒啊，另一个原因是，不知道会不会一不小心说了不该说的东西。前两天看到一篇文章。写的挺好，简单易懂。有兴趣的可以自己看下面的英文原文。没兴趣看英文的，我就大概的用中文表述一下。首先声明，我用下面的文章作参考，这样可以把握信息透露的尺度，不是原文翻译。另外，如果感觉我的中文读着别扭，那我只能抱歉，因为一些词汇，不太知道中文应该怎么说。
什么是comprehensive credit reporting(CCR)？另一个说法叫Positive Bureau。这个是针对目前Credit Bureau的状况而提出来。在今年三月之前，澳洲的信用社credit bureau，都只有关于个人信用的负面信息。也就是说，破产，法院的判决，欠款不还啦。你试图在很多家金融机构申请credit等等。仅此而已。但是很快，情况会发生变化，澳洲作为发达国家的一员，将会成为最后一个推行CCR的国家。今年三月，会有很多政策性的变化（经过澳洲议会无数次的讨论， 终于通过了,不过力度还是远不如，英国这些国家）。
最主要的变化是会有更多的个人信息会被金融，通信，能源公司等提供给credit bureau。而拥有良好信用记录的人，会可以得到一定的优惠，比如向银行要求较低的贷款利率等。以后credit bureau不仅会知道你有没有default，也会知道你有没有每个月按时还款。 只要有一次不按时还款，都会被记录在案。以前一般是超过90天或120天不还款才会被报告到credit bureau。（说到这里， 我自己也有点紧张呢，以前也偶尔会信用卡超过几天才还。以后一定要小心了。）另外，credit bureau还会统计你一共有几个账户，是哪些金融机构提供的。什么时候开的账户，什么时候关闭的。如果你有太多的信用卡（3+）的话，申请房贷时可能会被特别审查哦。再有，就是你的现有信用额度也会被计算出来，作为信用评分的因素之一。所以一味的增加你的credit card limit也不一定是好事啊。
还有很重要的一点，在申请信贷产品是，不要过多的shop around。千万不要这家也申请，那家也申请。你可能觉得是为了挑便宜，银行会觉得你是被多家拒绝，有问题，才到处申请。可以事先做好调查，选准了，再下手递交申请表。每次你申请表递上去，信用社那里就给你记了一次啦。
http://australia.creditcards.com ... t-reporting-622.php
Prepare now for comprehensive credit reporting
By Daniel Ross
With the new comprehensive credit reporting system looming in March, credit reporting agencies are urging consumers to start looking at their credit behaviour now.
Under the new system, your credit report will include the opening and closing dates for all your credit accounts, the type of credit for each account, names of creditors and credit limits. Creditors may retroactively give the reporting agencies information about your credit history going back to December 2012, though most are not expected to go back any further than December 2013.
Comprehensive credit reporting comes as part of a much larger package of reforms designed to strengthen existing privacy laws. According to Belinda Diprose, marketing manager for the credit-reporting agency Veda, the latest reforms also will:
• Ensure that the additional data on credit reports isn't used for marketing purposes
• Increase the legitimacy of external dispute resolutions
• Extend the ban period surround identity theft -- if your identity is stolen, you can freeze access to your credit report for an extendable 21-day period
But the major changes are intended to make credit reports a more accurate picture of a person's credit worthiness by recognizing good behaviour as well as bad. Below are four tips for making the most of the impending changes.
1. Make all your payments by the due date
While negative-data reporting in the current system allows consumers to make payments up to 120 days late without seeing their credit history impaired, Steve Brown, director of Consumer Risk Solutions at Dun & Bradstreet says that the new comprehensive system will follow payment histories with far greater scrutiny.
Because of the retroactive reporting, your payment history now is important, even though the new rules are not in effect yet. "I know it may sound simplistic or trite, but do ensure that you make all your account payments each month on time," says Brown.
Brown acknowledges that the new system gives consumers a five-day grace period after a payment is due before it is reported as late, but encourages consumers to not rely on it.
"We strongly suggest that consumers don't work to exploit that grace period in case of any processing problems or any difficulty in recording those transactions," he says. Plus, all normal interest rates will still apply during that period.
Brown says those in particularly dire financial straits should talk to their credit providers and try to reach an alternate arrangement, or consolidate loans.
"Sometimes there are those occasions where you just can't pay on time," he says. "While that might not stop you having the delinquency on your file, it may stop it from escalating further, which could lead to court action."
2. Make the most of a second chance
Negative-data reporting is called that for a reason -- only derogatory information, such as defaults and bankruptcies, are included in the report. Comprehensive credit reporting, on the other hand, looks at the broader picture. That means consumers with bad credit histories will have the opportunity to make up for prior mistakes over time.
"One of the key points to many people who have had credit problems in the past is that this is an opportunity to almost wipe the slate clean," says Brown.
That doesn't mean any previous defaults and bankruptcies will be expunged from your report. But if you illustrate a willingness to manage your credit better -- make payments on time and reduce existing debts, for instance -- your report will call attention to and reflect those efforts.
"You don't need to lose heart, even if you have had a transgression in the past," says Brown.
3. Familiarise yourself with your credit report
Under the new system, Aussies can access their credit reports once a year for free. This is great news for a country that tends to regard credit reports with an upturned nose.
"Eighty per cent of Australians have never checked their credit history," says Diprose. "But it's now going to be more important than ever for them to actively manage their credit report. You're going to find that it will change monthly."
Those monthly updates won't be immediate, as it will take some time for credit agencies to compile the necessary information to start updating credit scores regularly. "I think it will take 12 to 18 months before you see things really ramping up," says Diprose.
"I like to use the analogy of the picture slowly coming into focus in the dark room. Gradually, you'll see more and more information materialise on your file as the months pass," says Kim Jenkins, managing director of Experian A/NZ.
4. Be smart about credit applications
The new system factors the number of accounts you have open, as well as the number of times you've applied for credit. According to Jenkins, credit providers use those figures to determine what kind of credit risk you might pose.
"If a person has three or more accounts, they're twice more likely to default on their debt than a person with one or two accounts," says Jenkins. But the type of loan matters, too -- someone with a house and car loan as well as a credit card is considered a normal risk for credit, while someone with three or more credit cards tends to be kept at arm's length.
According to Jenkins, there's a similar equation for credit card enquiries:
"People who have made five or more enquiries are three times more likely to have a default at some point," she says.
Jenkins suggests shopping around and doing your homework before you actually sit down and fill out an application.
"Don't do your homework by submitting application forms," she says.
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（以下用银行举例）其实，credit history数据的管理和使用是很复杂的一个话题。所有收集到的数据，会被用在不同的地方。比如，credit bureau会建数据模型，做评分卡，给每一个人打分。当你去银行申请贷款时，银行会要求credit bureau提供关于你的信息和评分。然后银行再将你的信息和银行内部的信息综合起来给你评分。最后会根据这些评分作出一个决定。所以说，除了很严重的记录，比如，bankrupt, judgment, default等，一般不会一票否决的。所有的因素都会被综合考虑。你可以有十张credit card。不代表你一定会被拒，但是你的得分一定会降低，所以你申请贷款的额度会被限制， 难度也会变大。当银行推行risk based pricing的时候，可能会根据你的信用风险来给你不同的利率。
虽然三月是新政策，但事实上，各大机构都还没有真正的准备好，所以， 会有一段半年到一年的过渡时间。大家可以利用这段时间好好管理自己的信用记录。没记错的话，每个人都可以免费申请一次自己的信用报告。
澳洲之所以这么慢，这么艰难的推行这个新系统，是因为澳洲对于个人隐私的保护方面相当的保守。所以，新政策规定，CCR的信息不允许用于marketing purpose。只能应用于风险管理。银行 不可以因为看到你还没有信用卡，就向你推销他们的产品。
另外，如果你发现银行记录你的个人信息有错，你可以向银行提出，银行必须在30天内帮你修改。不然银行会被罚一大笔钱哦。
Under the new legislation, credit providers have an obligation to help people who think that their credit report contains inaccurate information. For example, an individual may have a default on their credit report which they believe to be incorrect. The new corrections obligations will require the credit provider or credit reporting body with whom the anomaly was raised, to address the matter within specified timeframes.
Credit providers and credit reporting bodies are required to respond to an individual’s correction request within 30 days,
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坑
说说Fraud， 欺诈风险
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一直只有一张信用卡，最近才开了一张28度卡却听说没怎么灵了
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恩，感谢楼主分享，之前听同事提起过这个事情，确实对以后的贷款申请会有一定影响。
有利有弊，但是对于BROKER来讲感觉还是弊大于利。。。
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如果开了后来又关掉，这样也会影响么？
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一次两次影响不大，但是太频繁，或者间隔时间太短，可能会影响评分。
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谢谢分享，这个还真的不知道
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好贴,谢谢
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学习了。谢谢分享
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哇，真是一个不太好的消息。我有两个贷款，4张信用卡。以后就惨了。
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好贴，如果早点看到就好。之前申请了28度卡，不过后来没有去邮局核对个人信息，不了了之了，不知道这样还要不要去取消。
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也是贷款带的信用卡
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好贴，谢谢分享。
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因为澳洲的保守，所以，账户的balance是不可以提供给credit bureau，信息共享的。这及算是好事情，对某些人来说又不太好。
对于只有很少的账户，但是utilization rate利用率很高的人来说，会比较讨巧。一个简单的比方。比如A只有一个credit card，limit是5000，每个月都用到5000，B有两个卡，共计5000，但每个月只用3000。如果A和B同时去另一家银行申请贷款，那么A就显得好一点。事实上，A坏账的风险比B高。但因为credit bureau不知道你到底用多少，只能按照你的limit来算。所以，上好多人申请了卡锁抽屉，其实利用率很低，银行的风险也低，但是其它银行是看不到这点的。所以如果你有三张以上的信用卡，还是考虑cancel不用的吧。根据统计，有3+ credit card的人比少于3张卡的坏账率高了一倍。所以银行会小心对待卡多的人的。
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谢谢分享！有一种信用卡，在epos机上“嗒”一声就通过了，不需pin number和sign,是否安全系数很低呢？
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不会啊，只要卡不离开你的视线就没问题。什么情况是危险的？比如你去一个不靠谱的小店，有一个看上去狡猾狡猾的店员，把你卡在你视线不及的地方划了一下。你的卡可能就被复制了。有那种情况，店员被犯罪集团收买，只需要将卡的信息复制下来，就可获利。所以，一般来说，不要让你的卡离开你的视线。
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谢谢分享！学习了
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谢谢回复和分享，我还真不知呢。
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How about having many accounts from different bank?
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CCR现在应该就已经实施了吧，我去申请refinance，没有说我申请另一家信用卡审核没过close application的事情，他们居然都知道的。
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applied five credit cards in a month. All get approved, use three of them to play balance transfer game. Going to close 4 of them in a year time, fingers crossed for my credit record
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CCR三月开始。
目前的信息应该是你试图申请过。Credit Bureau计算number of searches/enquiries, 包括不同的金融机构。
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你以后的credit score不会高的。短期内开办多张credit cards，又在短期内关闭多个。一定会减去你的分数。你一定要谨慎，不要有逾期不还款的情况发生。
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Credit bureau collects information from different finance institutions. So total number of open accounts will be calculated.
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刚想起来，目前是trial的阶段。有些数据已经开始共享，但只是实验性质的。不是正式的。
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想咨询一下关于商业信用卡 是不是和个人信用卡类似？ 其次关于points累积和每年很多银行都开始变化 ，还有最新的情况好像是信用卡以后都不可以使用签字 全部都用pin了 而且这些都不是重点 商业信用卡限额高 还款日期长 对于那些银行争相恐后的来找他们签bank card的目的是什么呢？ 商业信用卡每个月至少几十万的账单需要支付 52days再结款可以省下几百澳币那么他们咋么赚钱 当然重点就是后面 商业一般都会大额度的贷款。。。从贷款里赚钱么。。。。
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目前的credit bureau只收集consumer products的数据。对于commercial方面的信息是不收集的。也就是你的商业账户的情况是不会被反馈到bureau去的。
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因为你的卡没有开通，目前credit bureau应该只有查询记录，所以不是问题。只要你没有在短期内多次申请就好。
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再次提醒一下哦，等CCR开始了，如果你的信用卡逾期5天以上不还款，你的信用记录上就会被有不好的记录了。以前一般是逾期90天以上，才会被报告到bureau。
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