新西兰新西兰副总理“黎明演讲”借鉴肯葛底斯堡演讲？

在新西兰

澳新军团日当天，新西兰副总理兼外长Winston Peters在土耳其的加里波利发表了呼吁和平的演讲，广受赞誉。但随后有媒体发现，他的演讲似乎大量“借鉴”了历史上著名的林肯葛底斯堡演讲。 Winston Peters演讲视频截图。 演讲中，Peters呼吁全世界记住加里波利战役中阵亡的士兵，在这场战役中，超过10万名新西兰人、澳大利亚人和盟军士兵阵亡。 “我们黎明时分在一个伟大的战场上会面。”（“We meet at dawn at the site of a great battlefield”）Peters在“黎明纪念仪式”的演讲中说道。 “我们聚集在这里，为了纪念我们周围的土地，它是我们太多年轻人的最后安息之地。”（“We meet here to commemorate the ground around us as the final resting place of far too many of our young men.” 这段演讲内容与美国前总统亚伯拉罕·林肯150多年前的名场面不谋而合。 1863年美国内战期间，林肯在葛底斯堡公墓演讲中说道：“我们在那场战争的伟大战场上相遇。”（“We are met on a great battlefield of that war”） “我们来到这里，是为了奉献那片土地的一部分，作为在这里献出生命的人的最后安息之地。” （“We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives.”） Peters则在演讲中说道：“我们必须奉献出这片土地，让我们的世界变得更加美好，那么埋葬在这里的人就不会白白死去了。”  （“We must leave this ground dedicated to making our worlds better. Then the men buried here will not have died in vain.”） 林肯在150年前的演讲中说道：“我们应该致力于完成摆在我们面前的伟大任务……我们在这里下定决心，不让这些人白白死去。” （“It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us ... that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain.”） 2018年，Winston Peters参观美国葛底斯堡的一家博物馆，观看一幅有关葛底斯堡战役的画作。 Peters在演讲中没有提到林肯，也没有提到引用了这段著名的演讲。 他的发言人表示，“加里波利的演讲遵循经典的形式”，副总理本人参与起草。 “部长本人（指Peters）利用他丰富的历史知识和历史上著名的演讲/悼词，包括葛底斯堡演讲，在黎明演说的各个方面都非常亲力亲为。”这位发言人说。 众所周知，Peters和他的演讲撰稿人之一Jon Johansson之前都曾盛赞过葛底斯堡演讲。2003年，后者还为新西兰先驱报撰写了一篇文章，称那次演讲是修辞学上的伟大范例之一。 这次“穿越150年”的借鉴，能否算作剽窃？ 有人认为很尴尬，也有人认为是聪明之举，很感人。 惠灵顿维多利亚大学的剽窃领域专家Stephen Marshall教授认为，Peters的演讲远远称不上剽窃，而是故意唤起象征意义，“使自己与那种叙述、那种信息保持一致”。 “我认为无论他本人还是他的讲稿撰写团队，都不会期望任何人没有意识到他正在直接引用另一份演讲。”Marshall教授说，林肯的那次演讲家喻户晓，在引用时不必提醒听众，因为几乎每个人都知道。 坎特伯雷大学历史学副教授Peter Field认为，Peters在演讲中使用了林肯的观点令人感动。林肯的演讲之所以“精彩”，因为尽管当时美国内战仍在激烈进行，但这位政治家一次都没有说“我”。相反，在短短的252字演讲中，他说了10次“我们”。Peters在自己的演讲中效仿了这一技巧。 尽管如此，Field认为Peters引用了林肯的演讲却没有提到他的名字，让人感到不舒服。 梅西大学教授演讲写作课程的高级讲师Heather Kavan则称他的演讲“令人尴尬”。 “真的很尴尬，一份满是抄袭句子的讲稿绝对是演讲者的噩梦。”她说，如果他在讲稿中加入“正如林肯所说……”或“像林肯一样，我认为……”就会好很多。 类似的事情在国外也曾发生过。比如美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普的妻子梅拉尼娅·特朗普在2016年被指抄袭前总统奥巴马妻子米歇尔·奥巴马的演讲。 美国现任总统乔·拜登也曾被指抄袭英国前政治家尼尔·金诺克的言论。 以下为Peters与林肯“跨越150年”演讲中的相似之处 Winston Peters – 2024  We meet at dawn at the site of a great battlefield. We meet here to commemorate the ground around us as the final resting place of far too many of our young men.  Abraham Lincoln – 1863  We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.  Peters  We meet at dawn to commemorate the terrible loss of so many lives, yet we cannot hallow these grounds. The men who died here have already made sacred the ground upon which we come every 25th of April.  Lincoln  In a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can not consecrate – we can not hallow – this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.  Peters  But standing here at Gallipoli, our words matter less than their deeds. We will never forget what they did here.  Lincoln  The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.  Peters  Yet we live in a troubled world, the worst in memory. We have emerged from a global pandemic a more divided world. Regional instabilities and the chaos they create threaten the security of too many.  Lincoln  Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.  Peters  But we must all come together, as people and as nations, to do more to honour those who paid with their lives. We must protect and care for our young. We must reject and resist those who seek to conquer and control. We must always seek the path of peace. Then, and only then, will the men buried here not have died in vain.  Lincoln  It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.  -->